聚合转化率对硫调型氯丁胶结构与性能的影响

研究了硫调型氯丁橡胶乳液聚合中转化率对产晶结构与性能的影响.结果表明,随单体转化率的提高,聚合物的凝胶量及其交联密度增大,致使断链速度减慢,所得断链胶的门尼粘度上升,残存凝胶量增加,分子支化程度增大,分子量分布变宽,焦烧时间缩短。而相应硫化胶的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、冲击弹性和硬度等提高,扯断伸长率和永久变形下降。这些变化一般在转化率为80——85％时有明显转折.综合考虑产量与质量,聚合转化率控制在82±2％较为适宜。     

塑料啤酒瓶开发现状

介绍了塑料啤酒瓶的优点,详细介绍了各种以PET为基础的改性啤酒瓶材料,并列举了大量的开发实例。     

Preparation,characterization and salt-resistance of a coal based super absorbent composite

Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal.A novel super absorbent composite,poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/potassium humate (PAA-AM/KHA),was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid,acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator.The effects of reaction temperature,degree of neutralization of the poly (acrylic acid) and the amounts of crosslinker,initiator and potassium humate were investigated.Salt resistance tests were also carried out.The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium humate content of 10% and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water,and 349,286 and 41 g/g in 0.5 mol/L KC1,MgCl2 and AlCl3 solutions respectively.The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate.The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Introduction of potassium humate into the poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments.The salt resisting property of the composite is improved,production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.     

脂肪醇生物活性和理化性质的QSAR/QSPR研究

为了研究脂肪醇结构-性质(活性)的定量关系,用相对键长取代拓扑距离,结合距离矩阵,提出了距离调和拓扑指数Te,Te和醇的许多理化性质和生物活性具有良好的相关性.用Te及δ(醇中和羟基相连的碳原子的支化度)与脂肪醇的溶解度、辛醇/水分配系数、急性生物毒性、蒸发热、摩尔磁化率关联,复相关系数分别为0.9955,0.9951,0.9941,0.9964,0.9968,优于文献.同时与脂肪醇的气相色谱保留指数也相关得很好,相关系数为0.9956.结果表明,Te指数可用于醇多种理化性质和生物活性的预测.     

彩钢岩棉夹芯屋面板、墙面板节点性能研究

为了掌握彩钢岩棉夹芯屋面板、墙面板与檩条的螺钉连接节点抗拉破坏机理,采用理论分析、试验验证及有限元模拟相结合的方法研究了不同钢板厚度及芯材厚度时节点破坏情况.分析结果表明:屋面板节点连接破坏是由于钢板局部屈曲引起的,墙面板则是钢板被冲剪破坏造成的,同时,结合对有限元模拟结果的回归,提出了节点承载力设计公式,可为以后节点设计提供参考.增加岩棉刚度及其与侧向钢板的粘结,或增加钢板厚度对提高屋面板节点极限承载力起着重要作用.     

A macro-meso constitutive law for concrete having imperfect interface and nonlinear matrix

The overall behavior of concrete depends on its meso structures such as aggregate shape, interface status, and mortar matrix property. The two key meso structure characters of concrete, bond status of interface and nonlinear property of matrix, are considered in focus. The variational structure principle is adopted to establish the macro-meso constitutive law of concrete. Specially, a linear reference composite material is selected to make its effective behavior approach the nonlinear overall behavior of concrete. And the overall property of linear reference composite can be estimated by classical estimation method such as self-consistent estimates method and Mori-Tanaka method. This variational structure method involves an optimum problem ultimately. Finally, the macro-meso constitutive law of concrete is established by optimizing the shear modulus of matrix of the linear reference composite. By analyzing the constitutive relation of concrete established, we find that the brittleness of concrete stems from the imperfect interface and the shear dilation property of concrete comes from the micro holes contained in concrete. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50679022, 90510017, 50539090) and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714104)     

高性能电极接头栓的研制

研制了高粘结强度、低电阻率、高渗透性能接头栓,并说明了改进的目标和方向。研究了电极接头栓的使用性能、主要作用和选用接头栓补救电极和接头连接质量的优点;研究了电极接头栓的原料选择、原料配比、添加剂和发泡剂的选取;确定了电极接头栓的生产技术要求和生产工艺流程。试验证明,研制的高性能接头栓具有高粘结、强固结、有效补强的作用。     

Macromolecular recognition by cyclodextrins. Interaction of cyclodextrins with polymethacrylamides bearing hydrophobic amino acid residues

The interaction of cyclodextrins (CDs) with poly(N-methacryloyltryptophan) (pMTrp) and with poly(N-methacryloylphenylalanine) (pMPhe) was investigated as a simple model system of macromolecular recognition of proteins. The association constants (K) for the model compounds, sodium salts of tryptophan and phenylalanine, are not so different (i.e. 43 and 16 M⁻¹ for α-CD, 59 and 69 M⁻¹ for β-CD, and 12 and 3 M⁻¹ for γ-CD, respectively). On the other hand, there is a significant difference in the apparent K values for pMTrp and pMPhe (i.e. the K values for pMPhe are considerably smaller than ca. 10 M⁻¹, whereas those for pMTrp are 30, 83, and 11 M⁻¹ for α-, β-, and γ-CDs, respectively). These observations indicate that a subtle difference in polymer side chains can be critical in macromolecular recognition.     

Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al/Mg Butt Joints Made by MIG Welding Process with Zn-Cd Alloy as Interlayer

Butt joints between Mg alloy AZ31 B and pure Al 1 060 sheets were produced via metal inert gas welding process with Zn-Cd alloy foil. Crack-free Al/Mg butt joints between AZ31 B Mg alloy and pure Al 1060 sheets were obtained. Intermetallic compound layer 1 and layer 2 had formed in fusion zone/Mg alloy and the average thickness of the layer 1 was about 50 μm. The intermetallic compound layer 1 consisted of Al12Mg17 and Mg2Si phases while layer 2 consisted of Al12Mg17, Mg2Si and Mg Zn2 phases. The crack started from the IMC layer at the bottom of the joint and propagated along the brittle IMC layer, then expanded into weld metal during the SEM in situ tensile test. The highest tensile strength of the dissimilar metal butt joints could reach 46.8 MPa and the effect ofinterfacial IMC layer on mechanical property of the joint was discussed in detail in the present study.     

Preparation and characterization of TiO2 photoelectrode codoped with aluminum and boron and its application in dye-sensitized solar cell

Nanocrystalline titania films codoped with aluminum and boron were prepared by cathodic vacuum arc deposition. In the process, titanium alloy target was used under an O2/Ar atmosphere, and sensitization of films were carried out by natural dye-sensitized complex in anhydrous ethanol. The structure, surface morphology and UV-vis spectra of titania films codoped were measured by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectrometer. Theas-deposited films are found to be amorphous. The films annealed were examinedto be of anatase structure with orientation along the (101) planes, the averagecrystal size is in the range between 41 and 45 nm. SEM results show that thereare some pores in the codoped titania films, the optical properties of the dye-sensitized films were also measured which reveals that the spectral responses of films shift to the visible region. Under simulated sunlight illumination, the overall energy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell is 0.9%.