一种面向人脸识别的加权代价敏感局部保持投影

传统的局部保持降维方法追求最低的识别错误率,即假设每一类的错分代价都是相同的.这个假设在真实的人脸识别应用中往往是不成立的.人脸识别是一个多类的代价敏感和类不平衡问题.例如,在人脸识别的门禁系统中,将入侵者错分成合法者的损失往往高于将合法者错分成入侵者的损失.因此,每一类的错分代价是不同的.另外,如果任一类合法者的样本数少于入侵者的样本数,该类合法者和入侵者就是类别不平衡的.为此,将错分代价融入到局部保持的降维模型中,提出了一种错分代价最小化的局部保持降维方法.同时,采用加权策略平衡了各类样本对投影方向的贡献.在人脸数据集AR,PIE,Extended Yale B 上的实验结果表明了该算法的有效性.     

基于连续缓存和二级缓存的DFTL改进算法

DFTL(demand-based FTL)是一种根据负载访问特点动态加载映射项到缓存中的知名FTL(flash translation layer)算法,但是它没有考虑到请求的空间局部性,而且缓存中的一个映射项剔除就可能会导致翻译页的更新,缓存中映射项的频繁剔除又会导致额外的擦除操作.在DFTL的基础上,提出了SDFTL(sequential/second cache DFTL)算法.SDFTL新设置连续缓存和二级缓存,连续缓存通过预取映射信息,利用请求的空间局部性,提高了FTL对连续负载的处理性能;二级缓存通过暂存从一级缓存中剔除的、发生更新的映射项,并采取批量更新策略回写到闪存,减少了闪存的翻译页写回次数和擦除次数.利用实际负载做的实验结果显示,SDFTL相比DFTL缓存命中率平均提高41.57%,擦除次数平均减少23.08%,响应时间平均减少17.74%.     

基于OLPP符号表示的时间序列分类算法

基于符号表示的时间序列分类方法是时间序列数据挖掘的关键技术.大部分现有方法主要针对单个时间序列样本进行符号表示,没有考虑样本间的近邻关系对符号化分类的影响.对此提出一种基于正交局部保持映射(Orthogonal Locality Preserving Projection,OLPP)的时间序列符号表示方法.使用OLPP...     

经典概率论与贝尔定理

本文证明,被双缝衍射实验否定的是如下先入为主的假定:微观粒子通过某一条缝到达屏上某处的概率,与另一条缝是否打开无关。考虑到“概率的加法定理”,这种看法可表成:“当一个粒子束通过一个带有两条缝的隔板到达一个屏上时,在两条缝同时打开的条件下单个粒子落在屏上某处的概率,等于在两条缝轮流打开的条件下该粒子落在该处的两个概率之和。”把两条缝同时打开还是轮流打开这样的实验条件称为“通道条件”,则上述命题可表成“概率不依赖于通道条件”。 另一方面,按照上面的用语,量子力学中的“概率幅的迭加原理”应表成“概率幅不依赖于通道条件”。相应地,我们把“概率不依赖于通道条件”这一错误的命题称为“概率的迭加假定”。 由于没有引进“通道条件”,人们混淆了“概率的迭加假定”和“概率的加法定理”两个命题。经典物理学默认概率的迭加假定,从而不能理解双缝衍射实验;量子力学则相反,为了说明双缝衍射实验而否定概率的加法公式,从而遇到诠释上的困难。 任何替代量子力学解释量子现象的理论都得说明双缝衍射实验,这就必须引进通道条件或引进概率幅。而贝尔定理涉及的隐变量理论却不满足这一先决条件,因此,它必然与实验事实相矛盾。这样我们就重新发现了洛查克的论据:贝尔不等式与定域性原理无     

鲁棒局部保持投影的表情识别

针对局部保持投影的流形学习算法对于噪声与异常值的敏感性，提出了一种鲁棒的局部保持投影算法. 其基本出发点是首先对所有数据点进行评估，以获得它们可能成为异常值的信息，然后再将这种信息用于邻域选择与低维嵌套中. 采用鲁棒局部保持投影进行人脸的表示方法，对JAFFE表情数据库进行了实验，结果表明，该方法有效.     

新临钢连铸板坯中间裂纹的成因分析与改进措施

根据新临钢Q235钢的连铸生产数据,并通过对连铸板坯中间裂纹的低倍研究、能谱分析等,对连铸板坯中间裂纹的形成原因和影响因素进行分析探讨,认为钢中S含量高,Mn/S值较小,是连铸板坯产生中间裂纹的主要原因。而辊缝开口度、浇注速度、钢水过热度也是中间裂纹产生和扩展的影响因素。并据此提出了减少铸坯中间裂纹的具体改进措施。     

Analysis of Clinic Layouts and Patient-Centered Procedural Innovations Using Discrete-Event Simulation

Abstract

Given that healthcare costs in the U.S. continue to climb, engineering managers can help address this situation by identifying designs for cost savings. Using discrete-event simulation, the layout of four different healthcare clinic scenarios considered in a redesign program named Patient Aligned Care Teams were studied. Model 1 is an existing layout in many clinics and Model 2 is staff-centered, while Models 3 and 4 provide additional space including common hallway(s). Our main conclusion is that Model 4 reduces patient travel distances and average queueing waits, while also providing the best privacy in accordance with HIPAA and the most security for the staff.     

Using differential evolution for fine tuning naïve Bayesian classifiers and its application for text classification

The Naive Bayes (NB) learning algorithm is simple and effective in many domains including text classification. However, its performance depends on the accuracy of the estimated conditional probability terms. Sometimes these terms are hard to be accurately estimated especially when the training data is scarce. This work transforms the probability estimation problem into an optimization problem, and exploits three metaheuristic approaches to solve it. These approaches are Genetic Algorithms (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), and Differential Evolution (DE). We also propose a novel DE algorithm that uses multi-parent mutation and crossover operations (MPDE) and three different methods to select the final solution. We create an initial population by manipulating the solution generated by a method used for fine tuning the NB. We evaluate the proposed methods by using their resulted solutions to build NB classifiers and compare their results with the results of obtained from classical NB and Fine-Tuning Naïve Bayesian (FTNB) algorithm, using 53 UCI benchmark data sets. We name these obtained classifiers NBGA, NBSA, NBDE, and NB-MPDE respectively. We also evaluate the performance NB-MPDE for text-classification using 18 text-classification data sets, and compare its results with the results of obtained from FTNB, BNB, and MNB. The experimental results show that using DE in general and the proposed MPDE algorithm in particular are more convenient for fine-tuning NB than all other methods, including the other two metaheuristic methods (GA, and SA). They also indicate that NB-MPDE achieves superiority over classical NB, FTNB, NBDE, NBGA, NBSA, MNB, and BNB.     

Locality‐Conscious Nested‐Loops Parallelization

To speed up data‐intensive programs, two complementary techniques, namely nested loops parallelization and data locality optimization, should be considered. Effective parallelization techniques distribute the computation and necessary data across different processors, whereas data locality places data on the same processor. Therefore, locality and parallelization may demand different loop transformations. As such, an integrated approach that combines these two can generate much better results than each individual approach. This paper proposes a unified approach that integrates these two techniques to obtain an appropriate loop transformation. Applying this transformation results in coarse grain parallelism through exploiting the largest possible groups of outer permutable loops in addition to data locality through dependence satisfaction at inner loops. These groups can be further tiled to improve data locality through exploiting data reuse in multiple dimensions.     

东非铬钒钙铝榴石（察沃石）宝石的矿物学和地球化学研究现状

东非（包括肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚和马达加斯加）铬钒钙铝榴石（察沃石）均赋存于新元古代莫桑比克变质带的钙质硅酸盐石墨片麻岩中。矿物学研究表明,东非察沃石为宝石级钒（±铬）钙铝榴石,以ω（V2O3）≈0.20%或ω（Cr2O3）≈0.30%为分界线可划分为钒钙铝榴石、铬钙铝榴石和铬钒钙铝榴石3类,其中以钒钙铝榴石为主。东非察沃石的晶体化学式为（Ca2.792～3.005Fe0～0.013 Mn0.008～0.080 Mg0.022～0.078）2.948～3.110（Al1.787～1.968Ti0.005～0.028Cr0.001～0.072Fe0～0.080V0.005～0.163）1.890～2.052[Al0～0.288Si2.712～3.017O12],可简写成Ca3（Al,Cr,Fe,V）2[SiO4]3;其端员组分为Grs87.61～96.79Gld0.16～5.66Uvr0.02～2.46Pyr0.73～2.68Sps0.28~2.75Adr0.00～2.71Alm0.00～0.43,表明它由钙铝榴石（87.61%～96.79%）、钙钒榴石（0.16%～5.66%）和钙铬榴石（0.02%～2.46%）组成。以往研究表明,东非不同国家所产的察沃石之间V/Cr质量分数比值存在明显差异,它们的化学成分是可变的,但同一矿床的V/Cr质量分数比值通常是不变的;并且它们还具有3组一致的δ＾18 O值,依次为9.5‰~11.0‰、11.6‰～14.8‰和15.5‰～21.1‰,利用O同位素与V-Cr-Mn微量元素含量相结合的方法,可鉴别其地质和地理来源。