一个情境相关的双层室内空间数据模型

在室内空间的移动对象管理中,如何建立数据模型是要解决的首要问题。随着情境感知信息系统的发展,情境的概念得到越来越多的关注,如何在室内空间数据管理中融入情境信息已经成为人们关注的焦点问题。针对这一问题,综合考虑几何、拓扑、情境3类信息,建立了一个情境相关的双层室内空间数据模型。在分析了经典的空间划分方法后,提出了室内空间细粒度划分方法,并给出其形式化定义;引入层次互补的思想来组织室内空间,采用本体的方法将情境信息加入到模型中,使该模型对室内空间的表达更加灵活;最后,通过实例分析和列举模型的优势说明了建模方法的可行性和有效性。     

Assessing the influence of repeated exposures and mental stress on human wayfinding performance in indoor environments using virtual reality technology

This study aimed to examine the effect of repeated exposures to indoor environments on people’s indoor wayfinding performance, both under normal condition and during fire emergency which could induce significant mental stress. Indoor wayfinding experiments were conducted in an immersive virtual museum developed using virtual reality technologies. Participants of the experiments were divided into three groups, who participated in one, two and three trials, respectively. Those who participated in more than one trial were given an interval of two weeks between two consecutive trials. Each trial of the experiment included a treasure hunting task and an egress task. Participants were presented with a virtual fire emergency during the egress task of their last trial. Data of wayfinding performance measures of the participants, as well as their physiological and emotional responses, sense of direction, wayfinding anxiety and simulator sickness were collected and analyzed. The results revealed significant positive impact of repeated exposure on participants’ wayfinding performance, which resulted in a decrease in the time needed to complete the treasure hunting task. The results also revealed significant negative impact of mental stressed caused by the fire emergency on participants’ wayfinding performance, which led to increased travel time and distance during egress. Such negative impact of stress, however, could be noticeably diminished by the repeated exposures, showing significant interaction effect between these two factors.     

基于无线信道状态相位信息优化的定位算法

随着位置服务需求的增长,基于Wi-Fi接收信号的室内定位技术一直是研究热点之一.通过检测环境变化对Wi-Fi无线信道状态信息CSI的影响,从而实现对室内人员的定位具有通用性强、部署成本低等优点.针对大多系统仅使用CSI中幅度信息所带来准确性和稳定性不足的问题,设计并实现了一种基于CSI相位信息优化的定位算法,该方法通过采集幅度和相位参数相结合作为位置指纹特征,并对特征数据进行预先平滑去噪后进行指纹库的构建,然后通过机器学习方法进行人员位置的分类识别.由于相位和幅度信息可以相互补充,弥补了某些易混淆位置的分类错误,从而解决了采用单一特征的定位准确性和稳定性问题.实验进行了两种不同多径场景下的实验,比较了不同指纹特征选取、数据预处理方法以及三种机器学习算法对定位准确度的影响,其结果表明采用本文所提出算法总体上可以在仅使用CSI幅度特征的基础上提高13%.     

一种基于稀疏表示的WLAN室内定位算法

随着科技进步和人民生活水平的提高,越来越多的用户对定位技术需求变得日益迫切。基于WLAN的室内定位技术研究在此背景下应运而生,但是该技术容易受非视距离以及多径影响。而位置指纹算法有效地克服了上述缺点,并得到了广泛应用。提出一种基于稀疏表示的WLAN室内定位算法,以解决位置指纹算法K近邻方法中参数选择问题、不能综合利用全局参考点信息问题,并对其进行了实验仿真。     

Wi-Fi fingerprinting based on collaborative confidence level training

Wi-Fi fingerprinting has been a popular indoor positioning technique with the advantage that infrastructures are readily available in most urban areas. However wireless signals are prone to fluctuation and noise, introducing errors in the final positioning result. This paper proposes a new fingerprint training method where a number of users train collaboratively and a confidence factor is generated for each fingerprint. Fingerprinting is carried out where potential fingerprints are extracted based on the confidence factor. Positioning accuracy improves by 40% when the new fingerprinting method is implemented and maximum error is reduced by 35%.     

室内无线传感器网络及其应用

介绍了传统无线传感器网络的起源、发展和现状,分析了室内环境对传统无线传感器网络技术的挑战,提出了一种新颖的室内无线传感器网络节点的构架设计方案;最后展望了室内无线传感器网络技术的应用前景。     

Virtual Testing Stand for evaluation of car cabin indoor environment

In the paper the authors refer to a new computational tool for the transient prediction of the car cabin environment and heat load during real operating conditions. The aim of the Virtual Testing Stand software is to support an early stage of the HVAC design process to predict demands for the heating and cooling for various operational conditions and types of car. This software was developed in Matlab as a standalone executable application including a parametric generator of car cabin geometry, a heat transfer model and a graphical user interface. The mathematical model is formed by the set of heat balance equations, which takes into account the heat accumulation, and the heat exchange between the car cabin, the outside environment, the HVAC system and the passengers. In this paper the main features of Matlab application are presented together with a selected sensitivity study of two significant parameters in a winter test case.     

基于众包的嵌套流形匹配室内定位方法

随着普适应用的兴起,室内定位变得越来越重要。传统的基于指纹的定位方法需要现场勘测,所需时间及工作量巨大,且需实时更新,以适应室内变化,这大大限制了其应用范围。采用众包形式进行室内信息采集,并记录其在室内的大量路径信息,利用嵌套在路径中的低维流形一致性进行地理位置匹配,以建立位置指纹库。通过高斯粒子滤波器对传感器数据进行去噪,进而解决步长差异问题。定位时,根据用户位置的连续性和路径信息筛选出合理的近邻点,继而实现精确定位。在84m²的会议室进行实验,在不需要现场勘测的情况下,所提方法可达到与传统方法可比的定位精度。该方法可以实时适应环境变化,在2周甚至1个月之后,其定位准确性优于传统定位方法。     

基于RFID的蛛网模型定位算法设计

针对当前室内定位算法所遇到的精度问题,在LANDMARC系统的基础上提出了一种基于有源RFID的蛛网定位算法。文中介绍了蛛网模型的建立,详细阐述了蛛网定位系统的定位原理以及算法的实现,并通过仿真实验对蛛网定位算法的误差进行了分析,论证了该算法的可行性和精确性。