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81.
82.
塔里木盆地塔中地区火成岩发育,纵向上从二叠系至前震旦系主要发育有4期,严重地影响了该区构造圈闭落实的可靠性以及油气藏后期的保存条件,也是塔中18、21、22等井钻探失败的主要原因。为降低钻探风险,在该区进行了火成岩体识别与预测技术攻关,总结出了7种方法,它们的相互配合,可以较为有效地预测火成岩分布以及火成岩对下伏构造的影响,指导该区勘探;通过中1井的钻探,已经取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
83.
Bayesian and Dempster-Shafer fusion 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The Kalman Filter is traditionally viewed as a prediction-correction filtering algorithm. In this work we show that it can
be viewed as a Bayesian fusion algorithm and derive it using Bayesian arguments. We begin with an outline of Bayes theory,
using it to discuss well-known quantities such as priors, likelihood and posteriors, and we provide the basic Bayesian fusion
equation. We derive the Kalman Filter from this equation using a novel method to evaluate the Chapman-Kolmogorov prediction
integral. We then use the theory to fuse data from multiple sensors. Vying with this approach is the Dempster-Shafer theory,
which deals with measures of “belief”, and is based on the nonclassical idea of “mass” as opposed to probability. Although
these two measures look very similar, there are some differences. We point them out through outlining the ideas of the Dempster-Shafer
theory and presenting the basic Dempster-Shafer fusion equation. Finally we compare the two methods, and discuss the relative
merits and demerits using an illustrative example. 相似文献
84.
The primary purpose of this work is to review the literature about what is and is not known about using ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA0 copolymer as the encapsulant (or pottant) material in photovoltaic (PV) modules. Secondary purposes include elucidating the complexity of the encapsulation problem, providing an overview about encapsulation of PV cells and modules, providing a historical overview of the relevant research and development on EVA, summarizing performance losses reported for PV systems deployed since ca. 1981, and summarizing the general problems of polymer stability in a solar environment. We also provide a critical review of aspects of reported work for cases that we believe are important.Failure modes resolved in the early work to establish reliability of deployed modules and the purposes and properties of pottants, are summarized. Typical performance losses in large field-deployed, large-scale systems ranging from 1% to 10% per year are given quantitatively, and qualitative reports of EVA discoloration are summarized with respect to ultraviolet (UV), world-wide location and site dependence.The general stability of polymers and their desirable bulk properties for solar utilization are given. The stabilization formulation for EVA, its effectiveness, and changes in it during degradation are discussed. The degradation mechanisms for the base resin, e.g., unstabilized Elvax 150TM, and stabilized EVA are indicated for literature dating to the early 1950s, and the role played by unsaturated chromophores is indicated. The limited number of studies relating discoloration and PV cell efficiency are summarized.Observed degradation of EVA or the unstabilized base resin in the laboratory and examples used to measure the degradation are summarized in sections entitled: (1) thermally-induced degradation; (2) photodegradation and photothermal degradation of EVA in different temperature regimes; (3) photobleaching and photodegradation of the UV absorber and cross-linking agent; (4) acetic acid and metal and metal-oxide catalyzed oxidative degradation; and (5) discolaration and PV cell efficiency losses.Processing effects/influences on EVA stability are discussed in sections entitled: (1) EVA raw materials and extruded, uncured films; (2) thermal encapsulation processes; (3) effects of lamination, curing, and curing peroxide on gel content and chromophores formed; and (4) incomplete shielding of curing-generated chromophores. A summary is given for the limited number of accelerated lifetime testing efforts and examples of erroneous service lifetime predictions for EVA are discussed. The known factors that effect the discoloration rate of several EVA formulations are discussed in which the reduction in rate by using UV-absorbing superstrates is a prime example. A summary is given of what is and is not known about EVA degradation mechanisms, degradation from exposures in field-deployed modeules and/or laboratory testing, and factors that contribute to EVA stability or degradation. Finally, conclusions about using Elvax 150 in EVA formulations are summarized, and future prospects for developing the next-generation pottant for encapsulating PV modules are discussed. 相似文献
85.
The interstitial assemblages of the River Rhine were studied in the Rhinau sector (France). The studied area is located in aVegulated channel of the river, controlled by a hydroelectric dam. Twenty stations were sampled in September 1988. Ten litres of interstitial water were pumped at 50 cm depth in each station using the Bou-Rouch technique. Interstitial waters were poorly oxygenated and the hyporheic fauna had three major characteristics: (1) microcrustaceans were dominant, (2) the insects were rare and (3) the stygofauna was absent. The richest stations were well oxygenated and did not correspond to any particular geomorphological features. These findings contrast with the situation observed on other large European rivers (Rhǒne, Danube) where the interstitial assemblages appear to be locally more diversified and rich in stygofauna. 相似文献
86.
Ԥ���������ز����ʵķ��� 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文根据物质平衡原理,对于定容和水驱凝析气藏提出了预测采收率的方法,并提出了凝析气藏的总采收率与干气和凝析油采收率的关系式。 相似文献
87.
88.
无间隙原子钢的微观结构特征和塑性应变比 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用X射线衍射的ODF和LP分析技术,SEM电子通道花样和蚀坑技术观测,研究了超深冲无间隙原子钢板的微观结构特征。结果表明:控制化学成分、保证基体纯净、优选工艺参数,促进强的γ-〈111〉∥N.D纤维织构的形成是获得优异成型性的关键。用CMTP方法,由ODF织构数据从理论计算了塑性应变比(r),表明rm值高达3.18。文中讨论了再结晶织构形成机制。 相似文献
89.
ANALYSIS ON ROOM TEMPERATURE TENSILE STRENGTH OF δ-Al_2O_3, FIBER / Al-12Si COMPOSITE 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对δ-Al2O3纤维/Al-12Si复合材料室温拉伸强度的分析表明,在实验条件下该复合材料存在δ-Al2O3纤维的最小体积分数Vmin和临界体积分数Vcrit,并求出其基体强度δm和室温强度σc-δ-Al2O3纤维体积分数Vf直线方程及纤维的临界长度lc和复合材料的剪切应力τP确定复合材料的ROM预测曲线,应首先判断σm是否等于未增强合金的强度σum才能得出正确的结论。 相似文献
90.
�ݼ����߷����������Ϸ� 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对J.J.Arps方程的推导,提出了油气藏产量递减曲线分析的最佳拟合法。用该法可直接求出递减指数N、初始递减率D1及油气递减前的稳定产量Qi,避免了使用试差法的大量运算过程,大大提高了油气藏工程中指标预测的精度。 相似文献