溶剂法合成2-羟基-1-萘甲酸的工艺研究

以β-萘酚和氢氧化钠为原料,正辛烷为溶剂,合成了2-羟基-1-萘甲酸,纯度达98%以上。通过正交实验研究了反应压力、反应温度和反应时间对收率的影响,确定了优化的工艺条件:反应压力0.8 MPa,反应温度90℃,反应时间8 h,该条件下收率达82.83%。     

超临界CO2萃取功能性油脂的研究进展

对超临界CO2萃取技术的原理、特点和国内外研究现状进行了介绍,综述了该技术在功能性油脂提取领域的研究进展。讨论了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、CO2流量、夹带剂等因素对油脂萃取率的影响;对比了不同类型油脂对超临界CO2萃取参数的需求,并分析了超临界CO2萃取的油脂产品指标及品质优势,对其应用前景做出展望。      

槲皮素对高脂日粮小鼠学习记忆能力的影响研究

探讨槲皮素对高脂日粮小鼠学习记忆的影响及可能机制。4周龄C57B/L雌性小鼠45只,随机分为三组:对照组（基础日粮）,高脂组（约20%脂肪）,槲皮素组（高脂日粮+0.01%槲皮素）。第26周进行Morris水迷宫实验,实验结束后取小鼠大脑皮层和海马组织测定氧化应激指标,荧光定量PCR检测海马组织中脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、核转录因子Nrf2及血红素单加氧酶（HO-1）的基因表达。结果显示,高脂组小鼠学习记忆能力显著下降,脑组织出现明显的氧化应激,Nrf2、HO-1和BDNF基因表达显著下调;槲皮素干预后,大脑氧化应激程度减轻,Nrf2、HO-1和BDNF基因表达上调,学习记忆能力得到显著改善。槲皮素改善高脂日粮小鼠学习记忆,可能与上调Nrf2/HO-1通路及BDNF的基因表达有关。      

纳米SiO2抑制PVC中增塑剂DOP迁移的研究

实验通过添加纳米粒子SiO2,研究抑制软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)中增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛脂(DOP)迁移规律,评价PVC样品溶剂抽出率,对挥发损失率、拉伸性能和邵氏硬度的测定分析,得出以下结论:纳米粒子SiO2可以抑制软质PVC中DOP的迁移。用正己烷浸泡PVC样品,随浸泡时间的延长,溶剂抽出率增大;随着添加的纳米SiO2含量的增加,样品的溶剂抽出率降低。在浸泡24h后,添加5份纳米SiO2样品PVC的溶剂抽出率为18.9%,比对照(25.6%)降低了26.2%。添加少量的纳米SiO2并没有使样品的挥发损失率明显降低,添加1~5份不同量的纳米SiO2的样品的挥发损失率均比不添加纳米SiO2的对照样品低。随着无机纳米粒子含量的增加,样品的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率反而降低,硬度有所增加。      

PES亲水改性超滤膜澄清葡萄原酒研究

以抗菌、亲水性的TiO2为改性材料,采用相转化法制备PES/TiO2亲水改性超滤膜,用于葡萄原酒澄清研究。通过扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱仪和接触角测定仪对超滤前后的膜进行表征,结果显示,TiO2的加入增加了膜面粗糙度及亲水性,降低了原酒中蛋白质、多糖等大分子物质在膜面的吸附污染,使得改性膜超滤葡萄原酒渗透通量衰减率低于纯PES膜,提高了膜的抗污染性。当TiO2添加量为0.75%时,超滤2h,其渗透通量为18.09L/(m2·h)(纯膜为16.88L/(m2·h)),超滤后的葡萄酒液澄清度好。      

基于㶲方法的CO2捕集系统的热经济性评价

针对CO₂捕集系统, 提出了体现能量的质的评价指标——耗率.解吸耗率是解吸过程的过程性评价指标, 直接反映了解吸过程工艺和设备能耗水平.抽汽耗率是CO2捕集系统的综合性评价指标, 能合理全面地评价捕集系统蒸汽能量利用的程度.引入的减温效率衡量了抽汽在减温过程中可用能的有效利用程度.     

基于灰色理论的foF2短期预报方法

将灰色理论应用于电离层foF2的短期预报中,基于灰色距离信息熵确定样本序列最佳灰色预报长度,构建基于残差修正的预报模型,并利用中国地区多个观测站的观测数据进行检验.研究表明:平均灰色距离信息熵的计算结果反映了太阳自转的周期性影响;高纬度地区预报方法的精度高于低纬度地区,且在太阳活动较为剧烈的季节,预报方法的误差相对较大;提前1 d预报结果的平均相对残差在1 MHz以内,平均精度在90%以上.为今后电离层短期预报提供了一种新思路.     

高产信号分子AI-2乳酸菌的筛选及鉴定

通过V.harveyi BB170生物学方法检测分离自内蒙古锡盟地区的8株乳酸菌产生群体感应信号分子AI-2的情况,筛选出高产信号分子AI-2的菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,并探究信号分子AI-2变化规律。结果表明:8株乳酸菌均能够分泌具有活性的信号分子AI-2,其中,菌株2-1产信号分子AI-2的能力显著优于其他7株乳酸菌（p<0.05）;高产AI-2的乳酸菌菌株2-1经鉴定为发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentum）;随着2-1菌体的生长信号分子AI-2的浓度也随之增大,并且信号分子AI-2浓度在稳定期初期达到最大值。      

Human β-Defensin 3 Inhibits Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses of Microglia by Suppression of Cathepsins B and L

Recently, the effects of antibacterial peptides are suggested to have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, systemic treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Alzheimer’s disease-like neuropathological changes in middle-aged mice. Then, we examined whether human β-defensins (hBDs), antimicrobial peptides produced by the oral mucosa and salivary glands, can suppress Pg LPS-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses by microglia. hBD3 (1 μM) significantly suppressed Pg LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by MG6 cells, a mouse microglial cell line. hBD3 (1 μM) also significantly inhibited Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 by HMC3 cells, a human microglial cell line. In contrast, neither hBD1, hBD2 nor hBD4 failed to inhibit their productions. Furthermore, hBD3 suppressed Pg LPS-induced p65 nuclear translocation through the IκBα degradation. Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 was significantly suppressed by E64d, a cysteine protease inhibitor, and CA-074Me, a known specific inhibitor for cathepsin B, but not by pepstatin A, an aspartic protease inhibitor. Interestingly, hBD3 significantly inhibited enzymatic activities of recombinant human cathepsins B and L, lysosomal cysteine proteases, and their intracellular activities in MG6 cells. Therefore, hBD3 suppressed oxidative and inflammatory responses of microglia through the inhibition of cathepsins B and L, which enzymatic activities are necessary for the NF-κB activation.     

Delineating Purinergic Signaling in Drosophila

Simplistic models can aid in discovering what is important in the context of normal and pathological behavior. First recognized as a genetic model more than 100 years ago, to date, fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) still remain an astonishingly good laboratory stand-in for scientists to study development and physiology and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of human diseases. This is because fruit flies indeed represent a simplistic model. Furthermore, about 75% of human disease-related genes have their counterparts in the Drosophila genome, added to the fact that fruit flies are inexpensive and extremely easy to maintain, being invertebrates and, moreover, lacking any ethical concern issues. Purinergic signaling is, by definition, mediated by extracellular purinergic ligands, among which ATP represents the prototype molecule. A key feature that has progressively emerged when dissecting the purinergic mechanisms is the multilayer and dynamic nature of the signaling sustained by purinergic ligands. Indeed, these last are sequentially metabolized by several different ectonucleotidases, which generate the ligands that simultaneously activate several different purinergic receptors. Since significant purinergic actions have also been described in Drosophila, the aim of the present work is to provide a comprehensive picture of the purinergic events occurring in fruit flies.