一种基于PC平台的声纳目标模拟系统设计

声纳目标模拟器的使用可有效缩短声纳的研制周期,其任务是实时仿真声纳系统的阵元信号,要求能够仿真不同海洋情况下,多种阵型的水听器基阵接收到的运动目标发出或发射的相应信号。为了完善系统功能,同时有效满足实时性要求、简化硬件设计规模,根据对现有的声纳目标模拟器进行详细了分析,结合PC平台提出一种系统实现方案。方案以通用计算机为平台,仿真产生实际水听器阵列信号,通过PCI总线经FIFO缓存完成数据的实时连续传输,由可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)实现数据的格式化及编码调制。     

A rear-end collision risk assessment model based on drivers’ collision avoidance process under influences of cell phone use and gender—A driving simulator based study

Driver’s collision avoidance performance has a direct link to the collision risk and crash severity. Previous studies demonstrated that the distracted driving, such as using a cell phone while driving, disrupted the driver’s performance on road. This study aimed to investigate the manner and extent to which cell phone use and driver’s gender affected driving performance and collision risk in a rear-end collision avoidance process. Forty-two licensed drivers completed the driving simulation experiment in three phone use conditions: no phone use, hands-free, and hand-held, in which the drivers drove in a car-following situation with potential rear-end collision risks caused by the leading vehicle’s sudden deceleration. Based on the experiment data, a rear-end collision risk assessment model was developed to assess the influence of cell phone use and driver’s gender. The cell phone use and driver’s gender were found to be significant factors that affected the braking performances in the rear-end collision avoidance process, including the brake reaction time, the deceleration adjusting time and the maximum deceleration rate. The minimum headway distance between the leading vehicle and the simulator during the rear-end collision avoidance process was the final output variable, which could be used to measure the rear-end collision risk and judge whether a collision occurred. The results showed that although cell phone use drivers took some compensatory behaviors in the collision avoidance process to reduce the mental workload, the collision risk in cell phone use conditions was still higher than that without the phone use. More importantly, the results proved that the hands-free condition did not eliminate the safety problem associated with distracted driving because it impaired the driving performance in the same way as much as the use of hand-held phones. In addition, the gender effect indicated that although female drivers had longer reaction time than male drivers in critical situation, they were more quickly in braking with larger maximum deceleration rate, and they tended to keep a larger safety margin with the leading vehicle compared to male drivers. The findings shed some light on the further development of advanced collision avoidance technologies and the targeted intervention strategies about cell phone use while driving.     

一种新型模拟肺模型的实验研究

建立了一种新型的可用于呼吸机性能测试的玻璃瓶模拟肺模型,通过物理推导得到模拟肺的顺应性与玻璃瓶的大小及其内部温度有关,并用相关的实验证明了模型的可行性.研究表明:在恒温条件下其顺应性与玻璃瓶的大小成比例关系;在玻璃瓶内放入一定量的铜网可以使其在一定的频率下保持恒温状态,这种模拟肺可用于精确测试呼吸机特性.     

一种高逼真度的控制显示组件仿真方法

为增强飞行员对控制显示组件(CDU)的直观感受,提高CDU仿真的逼真度,基于嵌入式PC104 CPU和8255可编程设备接口卡,设计仿真键盘硬件电路和键盘码扫描程序,实现对CDU键盘的高逼真硬件仿真。利用面向对象仿真技术,创建出CDU仿真页面,有效解决了页面系统繁重的生成与管理问题。仿真实验结果表明,该方法能够逼真地实现对飞行计算航路数据和性能参数的输入与显示。     

通用鱼雷模拟器适应性软件开发

提出一种具有动态重配置功能的分布式仿真系统成员适应性软件构架,开发通用鱼雷模拟器的适应性软件,它由接口通信层、需求管理层、适应性重配层以及功能实现层构成,给出软件开发所需的关键技术,包括动态重配引擎、可配置化构件模型与功能构件库。利用该通用鱼雷模拟器适应性软件进行实例测试,结果验证了其可行性与有效性。     

基于CAN总线星务仿真系统的设计与实现

综合考虑研制成本以及卫星在轨运行的可靠性和安全性,使用PCI1680 CAN总线控制卡作为主控节点,模拟小卫星星务系统.系统采用双总线冗余设计来提高可靠性,根据特定的组帧解帧协议实现遥控/遥测功能,同时具备电压采集和电源控制功能,为小卫星系统提供全面、通用的地面测试和调试环境.     

数据并行计算机体系结构建模

分析并研究国内外典型的数据并行计算机体系结构建模,结合LS-MPP计算机的体系结构,提出一种基于二维阵列结构的SIMD计算机抽象模型。通过对逻辑部件的时序分析,实现关于该模型的解释型SIMD仿真器,在进行细粒度时钟精确级建模时兼顾仿真效率。仿真器测试结果表明,该抽象模型具有一定应用价值。     

基于FPGA小数内插的新型数字射频存储器设计

介绍了数字射频存储技术的基本原理及其实现结构,分析了影响其性能的各种因素.提出了基于FPGA小数内插的方法对传统数字射频存储器进行改进,在不提高系统工作时钟的条件下,试图提高回波模拟信号的距离精度,给出了改进后的数字射频存储器结构.经过实际系统测试,证明了改进后的数字射频存储器可有效提高雷达回波信号的距离精度,满足距离高分辨雷达的需求.     

基于神经网络补偿的转台伺服系统控制研究

针对飞行仿真转台伺服系统中存在的非线性摩擦干扰进行了研究,采用一种基于RBF神经网络进行误差补偿的在线自适应控制策略。在基于逆动力学的计算力矩控制方法的基础上,利用RBF神经网络的万能逼近特性在线辨识模型误差,从而对系统进行补偿,其权值自适应律根据Lyapunov稳定性理论推导,保证了系统跟踪误差的收敛及稳定,仿真结果表明该控制策略可使位置MAE指标从0.0087m提高到0.0016m,使位置MSE指标从1.0128e-4m提高到3.3002e-6m,具有较高的鲁棒性和稳态控制精度。最后分别从隐层节点数及节点中心学习算法的变化两方面提出两种改进方案,仿真结果表明隐层节点数的增加可以进一步减小位置误差,而采用K-means均值聚类算法解决了神经网络节点中心按经验选取或试凑的困难。     

无线自组织网络中基于蚁群算法结合连通支配集的路由协议

针对蚁群优化(ACO)在无线自组织网络应用的缺点,如搜寻和维护路由信息过程中需要消耗大量的开销和能量。在ACO算法的基础上,提出一种结合连通支配集的混合路由协议。该协议将网络中的连通支配集(CDS)作为集群节点的辅助结构,从前进蚂蚁中获取网络的状态信息,这些信息仅可以通过每个集群头进行广播,从而减少传输蚂蚁数据包所需的开销。为了增加网络的效率,采用伪随机比例选择策略对后向蚂蚁从源节点到目的地节点间的最优路径进行评估。NS-2网络仿真器实验结果表明,与自组织按需距离向量(AODV)路由协议和蚁群优化路由协议相比,提出的路由协议在数据包传输率、网络总体吞吐量和平均端到端延迟等方面均有明显改进。此外,提出的路由协议消耗的网络资源较少,适合节点连接程度比较高的网络。