计算机网页制作中几个疑难问题及解决方案

本文简要概述了计算机网页制作中存在的表格、字幕和颜色这三方面的问题,针对问题提出了相应的解决方案。     

A numerical study of variable coefficient elliptic Cauchy problem via projection method

In this paper, we investigate a numerical method for the solution of an inverse problem of recovering lacking data on some part of the boundary of a domain from the Cauchy data on other part for a variable coefficient elliptic Cauchy problem. In the process, the Cauchy problem is transformed into the problem of solving a compact linear operator equation. As a remedy to the ill-posedness of the problem, we use a projection method which allows regularization solely by discretization. The discretization level plays the role of regularization parameter in the case of projection method. The balancing principle is used for the choice of an appropriate discretization level. Several numerical examples show that the method produces a stable good approximate solution.     

ORDERING FUZZY SETS BY CONSENSUS CONCEPT AND FUZZY RELATION EQUATIONS

A general class of consensus measures of fuzzy sets is introduced in this paper. It is shown that, while the consensus measures are valuations but neither isotone nor antitone with respect to the lattice structure induced by the pointwise maximum and minimum operations to the set of all the fuzzy sets on a nonempty crisp set, they are antitone valuations with respect to the lattice structure induced by the generalized sharpening relation to a quotient set of the set of fuzzy sets. It is also shown that the solutions of a finite fuzzy relation equation that have the maximum consensus measure can be characterized through the join operation of the latter lattice in terms of the maximum solution and some of the minimal solutions of the equation.     

Solution approaches for the cutting stock problem with setup cost

In this paper, we study the Cutting Stock Problem with Setup Cost (CSP-S) which is a more general case of the well-known Cutting Stock Problem (CSP). In the classical CSP, one wants to minimize the number of stock items used while satisfying the demand for smaller-sized items. However, the number of patterns/setups to be performed on the cutting machine is ignored. In most cases, one has to find the trade-off between the material usage and the number of setups in order to come up with better production plans. In CSP-S, we have different cost factors for the material and the number of setups, and the objective is to minimize total production cost including both material and setup costs. We develop a mixed integer linear program and analyze a special case of the problem. Motivated by this special case, we propose two local search algorithms and a column generation based heuristic algorithm. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms on the instances from the literature.     

Using integrated quality function deployment and theory of innovation problem solving approach for ergonomic product design

A multidisciplinary approach integrating method of identification of customer satisfaction needs (CSNs), the House of Quality (HoQ) chart of quality function deployment (QFD), theory of innovation problem solving (TRIZ) and fuzzy group decision-making theory for ergonomic product innovative design and evaluation in the early design stages was proposed. An integrated model and the approach procedures consists of four steps. In step 1, identification of CSNs is based on a data source triangulation approach, questionnaire survey, 5-point liner numeric rating scale, factor analysis, and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha statistic are utilized to guarantee that the CSNs are complete and reliable. In step 2, a correlation matrix is built to identify the critical ergonomic design areas and the key problems are established by analysis of the negative relationships obtained from interrelationship half-matrix at the roof of the HoQ. In step 3, to solve the problems, TRIZ main tools and contradiction analysis are utilized. Several innovative alternatives are generated by combining appropriate Inventive Principles of TRIZ, the critical ergonomic design areas and the ergonomic design principles. In step 4, a general and easy fuzzy group decision-making method for evaluating of the best design alternatives is presented. A case study of the integrated kitchen stove innovative design and evaluation is conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.     

应用8D方法解决问题的实践要点

本文介绍了8D方法的基本概念,总结了运用8D方法解决问题的基本原则,并阐述8D方法各个步骤的实践要点,以提供应用建议。     

A classification of tactical assembly line feeding problems

Trends like mass-customisation and the increasing number of models produced and parts used on a single assembly line promote interest in the field of assembly line feeding. The assembly line feeding problem (ALFP) deals with the assignment of parts to line feeding policies such as line stocking, boxed-supply, sequencing and kitting (stationary and travelling), and emerged as a research field two and a half decades ago. In order to structure the increasing effort in this field, we provide an extensive review of the literature and organise it from various perspectives. Furthermore, we propose a classification for the ALFP and classify existing literature. The goal of this classification is threefold. Firstly, it should help the reader to get an overview of the problem and most of its related aspects. Secondly, the classification reveals blind spots in academic research. Finally, it enables practitioners to match real-world problems with existing research results. In order to encourage researchers to close the existing gaps, we finalise this paper by pointing out the most important open research fields.     

节能减排——暖通空调(设计)行业面临的机遇和挑战

以“十二五”国家节能减排指标为起点,分析了“十二五”国家节能减排指标给暖通空调(设计)行业带来的机遇和挑战；结合暖通空调(设计)行业现状,从设计观念、技术水平等五个方面提出了暖通空调(设计)行业存在的主要问题；分别从行业转型发展和具体发展对策两方面提出了要实现“十二五”国家节能减排指标暖通空调(设计)行业应当采取的对策；最后根据暖通空调(设计)行业的发展需求,向政府提出了若干条建议.     

Two guaranteed equilibrated error estimators for Harmonic formulations in eddy current problems

In this paper a guaranteed equilibrated error estimator is developed for the 3D harmonic magnetodynamic problem of Maxwell’s system. This system is recasted in the classical $\mathbf{A}?\phi$ potential formulation and solved by the Finite Element method. The error estimator is built starting from the $\mathbf{A}?\phi$ numerical solution by a local flux reconstruction technique. Its equivalence with the error in the energy norm is established. A comparison of this estimator with an equilibrated error estimator already developed through a complementary problem points out the advantages and drawbacks of these two estimators. In particular, an analytical benchmark test illustrates the obtained theoretical results and a physical benchmark test shows the efficiency of these two estimators.