数据规则化技术在焉耆盆地老资料处理中的应用

焉耆盆地种马场构造带三维地震资料受地震采集面元、地震采集方位等不同因素的影响,部分地区地震资料存在空道或缺道,偏移距不均衡。整个工区覆盖次数差异较大,叠前道集振幅不均衡,造成偏移划弧、偏移噪声大,不利于叠前偏移成像。应用GEOVATION公司的数据规则化技术,有效地解决了偏移距分布不均匀的问题,提高了资料的信噪比,在焉耆盆地马1井地区三维地震老资料重新处理中取得了较好的效果。     

平面压降梯度计算原则及其应用

超压作为油气运移的动力条件,其变化速率与油气运移方式存在一定的关系。为定量判识超压盆地中油气运移方式,建立了应用地层压降梯度分析的计算思路与方法,并以渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷渤南洼陷为例进行了应用和探讨。以实测压力与单井预测压力为基础,对油气主要运移层系进行了压力分布特征分析,结合超压成因机制分区、沉积相变以及断层发育特征,分别对压力均匀降低区、沉积相变非均匀降低区和断层分割非均匀降低区采用不同的压降梯度计算思路进行计算。渤南洼陷深洼带的压降梯度最高,其次为断阶带、陡坡带以及缓坡带,且垂向连通的断层附近压降梯度较高,定量地解释了在超压控制下油气运移方式的变化特征,从而有效判识油气优势富集的位置。     

相似系数阈值滤波的数据驱动控制束偏移

高斯束偏移不仅具有接近波动方程偏移的精度,而且具有Kirchhoff偏移灵活、高效的特点。然而当实际地震采集数据中含有较强噪声时,易产生偏移假象而影响成像质量。为此,在传统高斯束偏移的基础上,根据有效信号和干扰信号在τ-p域中的相干性差异,发展了一种基于相似系数阈值滤波的数据驱动控制束偏移方法。采用数据驱动策略,在高斯束偏移成像过程中,先计算τ-p道集的相似系数,再通过设定相似系数阈值控制干扰信号,从而降低偏移剖面中的随机噪声;控制束偏移可以直接提取角度域共成像点道集,无需复杂的角度映射变换且具有更高信噪比。模型测试及实际资料处理结果表明：对于低信噪比数据,控制束偏移剖面的信噪比明显高于常规高斯束偏移,但会损失相对振幅的可靠性;尽管控制束偏移在τ-p道集的滤波过程增加了一定的计算量,但总体与常规高斯束偏移方法的计算效率相当;相似系数阈值参数选取十分关键,阈值较小时偏移噪声较强,但过大阈值也可能压制部分有效信息或产生偏移假象,选取合适的阈值参数才能得到较理想的偏移剖面。     

渤海海域浅层油气运移新认识与勘探新进展

浅层新近系是渤海海域油田储量和产量的主要层系。随着勘探程度的提高，大—中型油气田发现的难度也越来越大。基于渤海海域的勘探实践，结合浅层大—中型油田源外成藏的特性，通过分析油气深层运移与浅层富集的耦合关系，明确了古近系烃源层油气初次、二次运移所形成的"汇聚脊"对其上浅层油气富集、聚集的控制作用，并根据输导体系的组合划分出油气汇聚样式。在"汇聚脊"控藏模式的指导下，渤海海域多个构造带的油气勘探都取得突破，获得一系列亿吨级新发现，由此保证了渤海海域浅层规模优质油气储量持续发现，指导后续勘探进展。     

PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELLING IN A FOLD‐AND‐THRUST BELT SETTING: THE INVERTED CAMEROS BASIN,NORTH‐CENTRAL SPAIN

The Mesozoic Cameros Basin, northern Spain, was inverted during the Cenozoic Alpine orogeny when the Tithonian – Upper Cretaceous sedimentary fill was uplifted and partially eroded. Tar sandstones outcropping in the southern part of the basin and pyrobitumen particles trapped in potential source rocks suggest that hydrocarbons have been generated in the basin and subsequently migrated. However, no economic accumulations of oil or gas have yet been found. This study reconstructs the evolution of possible petroleum systems in the basin from initial extension through to the inversion phase, and is based on structural, stratigraphic and sedimentological data integrated with petrographic and geochemical observations. Petroleum systems modelling was used to investigate the timing of source rock maturation and hydrocarbon generation, and to reconstruct possible hydrocarbon migration pathways and accumulations. In the northern part of the basin, modelling results indicate that the generation of hydrocarbons began in the Early Berriasian and reached a peak in the Late Barremian – Early Albian. The absence of traps during peak generation prevented the formation of significant hydrocarbon accumulations. Some accumulations formed after the deposition of post‐extensional units (Late Cretaceous in age) which acted as seals. However, during subsequent inversion, these reservoir units were uplifted and eroded. In the southern sector of the basin, hydrocarbon generation did not begin until the Late Cretaceous due to the lower rates of subsidence and burial, and migration and accumulation may have taken place until the initial phases of inversion. Sandstones impregnated with bitumen (tar sandstones) observed at the present day in the crests of surface anticlines in the south of the basin are interpreted to represent the relics of these palaeo‐accumulations. Despite a number of uncertainties which are inherent to modelling the petroleum systems evolution of an inverted and overmature basin, this study demonstrates the importance of integrating multidisciplinary and multi‐scale data to the resource assessment of a complex fold‐and‐thrust belt.     

底板岩性对煤矸石充填体重金属元素迁移影响规律数值模拟

近年来煤矸石充填采煤技术作为煤矿绿色开采技术之一得到了较大规模的推广应用。煤矿采空区中的煤矸石充填体长期处于偏酸性或偏碱性矿井水环境中,其富含的重金属元素有向底板迁移进而影响地下水的风险。通过煤矸石静态浸泡实验,利用ICP测试浸泡液中重金属元素浓度,确定了煤矸石浸泡液中的主要重金属为铍(Be)、锰(Mn);运用COMSOL Multiphysics建立了不同底板岩性(泥岩、花岗岩、砂岩、灰岩)条件下的煤矸石重金属元素迁移数值模拟计算模型;以Mn元素为例分析了重金属元素在不同岩性底板中的扩散距离及浓度分布,得到了重金属元素扩散距离与底板岩层渗透系数的关系。结果表明:未铺设黏土垫层时泥岩、花岗岩、砂岩、灰岩底板中Mn元素在底板中的扩散距离分别为5.2,12.5,16.0,19.0 m,铺设黏土垫层后Mn元素扩散距离为0.9,2.8,5.2,9.1 m,分别下降了82.69%,77.60%,67.50%,52.10%。     

Discontinuous Coarsening of Tetragonal Precipitates in Partially Stabilized Zirconia Induced by Diffusional Coherency Strain under Applied Stress

When partially stabilized zirconia with 6 mol% MgO and 4 mol% CaO is aged at 1450°C, intragranular precipitation occurs and concurrently the boundaries between the grains migrate, forming a Ca-enriched precipitate-free cubic phase and large tetragonal precipitates behind them. At these compositions and temperature the boundary migration is rapid and shows the characteristics of a discontinuous coarsening. A uniaxial compressive stress applied to this specimen during the aging treatment increases or decreases the migration rate of the boundaries parallel or perpendicular to the stress axis, respectively, in agreement with the prediction that a compressive coherency strain due to the diffusion of Ca atoms is produced at the surface of the retreating grains and drives the migration. The diffusional coherency strain energy is thus expected to be the dominant driving force for the discontinuous coarsening in this solid.     

The impact of alkali elements on the degradation of CIGS solar cells

Unencapsulated CIGS solar cells with high and low contents of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were simultaneously exposed to damp heat and illumination. The solar cells with a high alkali (Na, K) content exhibited higher initial conversion efficiencies, but degraded severely within 100 h, while the alkali poor samples kept relatively stable performance under damp heat and illumination. The degradation of the samples with a high alkali content resulted in the formation of sodium rich spots on the top ZnO:Al surface of the samples. This is likely caused by light‐induced Na⁺ migration via the grain boundaries in the absorber to the depletion region, where the Na⁺ accumulated. This allowed subsequent Na⁺ transport through the depletion region due to the lowering of the internal electric field caused both by the Na⁺ accumulation and illumination. The migration resulted in the formation of shunt paths, which reduced the shunt resistance and open circuit voltage. Furthermore, ingression of water into the ZnO:Al is expected to be responsible for a slow but steady increase in series resistance for both high and low alkali solar cells. Additionally, sodium migration led to a severe increase of the series resistance in case of alkali rich samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于keystone变换的微弱目标检测

提高雷达对微弱目标探测能力的主要方法是增加积累时间.根据传统PD雷达的设计原则,在相参积累时间内,目标的距离走动不能超过半个距离单元,也就是说相参积累时间受限于目标运动.对于高距离分辨雷达或观测高速目标的雷达系统,这种限制是很难满足的.本文提出一种基于keystone变换的运动补偿方案,可以在没有目标运动速度信息条件下校正距离走动,从而使积累时间不再受目标运动的限制.     

车联网中整合移动边缘计算与内容分发网络的移动性管理策略

由于车载应用的普及和车辆数量的增加,路边基础设施的物理资源有限,当大量车辆接入车联网时能耗与时延同时增加,通过整合内容分发网络(CDN)和移动边缘计算(MEC)的框架可以降低时延与能耗。在车联网中,车辆移动性对云服务的连续性提出了重大挑战。因此,该文提出了移动性管理(MM)来处理该问题。采用开销选择的动态信道分配(ODCA)算法避免乒乓效应且减少车辆在小区间的切换时间。采用基于路边单元(RSU)调度的合作博弈算法进行虚拟机迁移并开发基于学习的价格控制机制,以有效地处理MEC的计算资源。仿真结果表明,所提算法相比于现有的算法能够提高资源利用率且减少开销。