Increasing urea-N efficiency for transplanted lowland rice by pneumatic injection: Yield and economics at the farm level

To increase the fertilizer-N efficiency in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation, new management practices are needed. Main cause of the present low efficiency is the low N recovery by plants, as a considerable part of the N applied is lost; deep placement techniques improve the recovery. A pneumatic injector, with which urea prills can be point-placed at a depth of 5–10 cm in paddy soils, was tested in 38 on-farm trials in 1989/90, mostly during the wet season. The experiments, located in Africa and Asia, focussed on differences in grain yield between conventional methods of broadcasting urea and injection by the pneumatic injector, at recommended N-rates. The study shows that the pneumatic injector is effective as a tool to improve the N fertilizer efficiency. The average yield increases per region, resulting from the use of the injector, ranged from about 250 to 1300 kg grain ha^–1. The value of the yield increase would allow most farmers to recover the costs of the injector within one season, even if labour was hired to carry out the injections. The average labour requirement of the injector was 40 hours ha^–1. In Indonesia, injection of prilled urea gave yields similar to those obtained with urea briquettes.     

水泥回转窑的智能控制

文章介绍了PIT Navigator对水泥熟料生产自动化控制的实现,基于神经网络的自学习、自适应控制元件,将相关的过程数据记录下来,随后借助数据关联性进行分析,在预测和自学习过程模型(模型预测控制)中处理这些数据,并计算过程参数的实时预测,使用这些工具,可以实现更稳定的窑况,同时提高产量和降低能耗。     

利用南水北调工程改善济宁水生态环境的措施

通过对济宁市防治水污染技术研究, 提出水污染防治在政策措施上实施治污抓源头, 杜绝不达标排放; 在城市 建设规划上, 把河湖生态湿地建设、 改善居住生活环境与城市建设有机结合; 在河湖治理上, 坚持工程、 生物措施并 举; 在工程管护上, 坚持依法治水。利用南水北调东线工程建设, 实施水污染防治建设, 通过对济宁市水污染防治成 果的阐释, 为今后水污染治理提供成功的经验和做法。     

涵闸工程施工期混凝土温度监测系统与水化热参数反演

针对涵闸工程混凝土温控防裂需要,研制了全自动化数字测温系统。该系统的硬件部分由数字式温度传感器、采集单元、GPRS DTU组成,软件部分包括中心服务器软件和客户端软件。系统实现了GPRS公用无线网络覆盖范围内无人值守、多测点远程测量和数据实时共享,具有体积小、无需布线、运行稳定、精度高等特点。经过实际工程多次应用,系统运行稳定可靠,达到预期性能。基于以上系统的测量数据,结合三维非稳定温度场数值计算,对特定工程的水化热参数进行了反演。规范给出普硅42.5水泥水化热参数为m=0.69,n=0.56;而根据实测数据反演的结果为m=1.85,n=0.79。根据两组参数分别进行了三维温度应力计算,得到完全不同的计算结果,前者温度应力未超标,后者多处超标需要采用温控防裂措施才能保证结构防裂安全。因此对实际工程进行温度监测和水化热参数反演是非常必要的。     

PVC挤塑制品的着色

通过对PVC挤塑材料性能的分析，探讨了影响PVC挤塑制品着色的主要因素；从原材料及加工过程的特点，寻找控制着色产品色泽的主要因素；认为对材料的配方及配混工艺、挤塑加工工艺进行严格控制，是控制好PVC挤塑制品色泽的主要途径。     

Ring hydrogenation of naphthalene and 1-naphthol over supported metal catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide solvent

Catalytic ring hydrogenations of naphthalene and 1-naphthol were studied over several supported metal catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide solvent at low temperature. Higher concentration of hydrogen in supercritical carbon dioxide and lower reaction temperature were responsible for higher catalyst activity and selectivities to the desired partial ring hydrogenated products as compared with those observed in organic solvent for the same catalyst.     

烧成系统NOx的形成及排放控制技术介绍

煤燃烧过程中污染物的形成、迁徙、排放和抑制规律、NOx污染控制技术等是煤燃烧领域重点研究的内容。文章分析了水泥工业回转窑中煤粉燃烧过程中NOx的形成机理，并针对NOx的形成机理和影响因素，探讨了水泥工业相关的低NOx燃烧技术。目前，较为实际的方法是采取空气分级燃烧技术和设计出科学的燃烧器二种。     

电解槽的优化控制及仪表选型

对烧碱装置中电解槽的自动控制系统进行了阐述。对传统控制手段进行了优化设计，并根据生产条件。对仪表的选型进行了较为详细的论述。     

甲基异柳磷混配拌种防治大豆病虫害的试验研究

１９９４－１９９５年通过室内盆栽和田间试验示范结果表明，应用甲基异柳磷与多菌灵和硼钼微肥混配拦种，对大豆安全无害，对大事产根潜蝇，根腐病和大豆胞囊线虫病防效分别为９３．１％，６４．９％和６７．６，比不处理对照增产１２．０－３０．３％。     

甲基葡萄糖甙（MeG）水溶液工艺改进试验

介绍了用５次以上的母液生产ＭｅＧ水溶液工艺的改进试验。