Theatre in the Sky: a ubiquitous broadband multimedia‐on‐demand service over a novel constellation composed of quasi‐geostationary satellites

To meet an ever‐growing demand for wideband multimedia services and electronic connectivity across the world, development of ubiquitous broadband multimedia systems is gaining a tremendous interest at both commercial and academic levels. Satellite networks will play an indispensable role in the deployment of such systems. A significant number of satellite communication constellations have been thus proposed using Geostationary (GEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), or Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. These constellations, however, either require a potential number of satellites or are unable to provide data transmission with high elevation angles. This paper proposes a new satellite constellation composed of Quasi‐GeoStationary Orbit (Quasi‐GSO) satellites. The main advantage of the constellation is in its ability to provide global coverage with a significantly small number of satellites while, at the same time, maintaining high elevation angles. Based on a combination of this Quasi‐GSO satellites constellation and terrestrial networks, the paper proposes also an architecture for building a global, large‐scale, and efficient Video‐on‐Demand (VoD) system. The entire architecture is referred to as a ‘Theatre in the Sky’. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GaN材料的横向外延过生长(LEO)及其特性研究

对用LEO技术生长GaN材料的选择生长和横向生长速率进行了实验研究。结果表明，作为LEO生长基板的GaN层的表面质量是实现选择生长的关键，而图形方向对横向生长速率与纵向生长速率之比（L／V）也有重要的影响。通过选择合适的工艺条件，实现了GaN材料的LEO外延生长，所得样品的X射线衍射峰宽比用常规MOCVD法生长的样品减小了1／3。     

相机与星敏组合体结构件常压热变形复合测量试验方法

针对某型号卫星相机与星敏组合体结构件的热变形试验需求,提出了一种常压热变形复合测量试验方法.在地面常压环境下,采用经纬仪、数字摄影测量相机、激光位移计共3种测量设备,通过搭建测控系统,设计试验工况,制造温度拉偏,精确复合测量试件在各种温度工况下的热变形情况,并进行相互验证,消除外部环境干扰等因素引起的试验件的位移,为验证热变形分析、改进设计提供支撑数据.试验按照试件温度状态分为4个工况、20个子工况,测量得到常压环境下相机、星敏间夹角最大变化量为200″.试验表明,该常压热变形复合测量试验方法完全满足卫星结构热变形的测量需求,探寻了相机与星敏间夹角变化与温度变化间的规律,试验数据与计算结果吻合,并为复杂几何形体的机械零件热变形测量提供了新的测试方法与手段.     

纳米技术航天器的总体构想

基于纳米技术对未来航天器发展产生革命性影响的判断,提出了纳米技术航天器的概念,介绍了纳米技术航天器的基本概念、预期指标、总体构想和潜在应用,并以深空探测为例,重点针对纳米技术在解决深空探测器轻量化结构设计、能源供给、推进等问题的优势和原理,最后对纳米技术航天器研究的前景进行分析并提出发展建议。     

Space solar cells—tradeoff analysis

This paper summarizes the study that had the objective to tradeoff space solar cells and solar array designs to determine the best choice of solar cell and array technology that would be more beneficial in terms of mass, area and cost for different types of space missions. Space solar cells, which are commercially now available in the market and to be available in the near future, were considered for this trade study. Four solar array designs: rigid, flexible, thin film flexible and concentrator solar arrays were considered for assessment. Performance of the solar cells along with solar array designs were studied for two types of space missions: geo synchronous orbit (GEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) spacecraft. The Solar array designs assumed were to provide 15 kW power for 15 years mission life in GEO and 5 kW power for 5 years mission life in LEO altitudes. To perform tradeoff analysis a spread sheet model was developed that calculates the size, mass and estimates the cost of solar arrays based on different solar cell and array technologies for given set of mission requirements. Comparative performance metrics (W/kg, W/m², kg/m², and $/W) were calculated for all solar arrays studied and compared, at the solar array subsystem level and also at the spacecraft system level. The trade analysis results show that high-efficiency multijunction solar cells bring lot of cost advantages for both types of missions. The trade study also show that thin film solar cells with moderate efficiency with ultra lightweight flexible array design may become competitive with well-established single crystalline solar cell technologies in the future.     

基于自抗扰控制的空间飞行器姿态控制研究

空间飞行器姿态控制的主流方法是基于经典控制理论的,但它要求建立对象精确的数学模型。当对象模型不精确或是具有非线性、时变特性时,经典控制方法将很难满足实际的设计要求。在分析了空间飞行器姿态运动特性的基础上,引入自抗扰技术,设计了两种姿态控制系统,并将两者的结果进行对比,验证了自抗扰控制方法的有效性,同时指出了在实际应用中需注意的问题。     

一种低轨卫星网络的概率风险评估方法研究

可靠性分析是卫星星座设计过程中不可或缺的一环。针对低轨卫星网络的高可靠性要求,利用概率风险评估的分析方法,结合网络风险及故障树理论,提出了卫星故障树杠铃风险模型。在此模型基础上分析＂铱＂星系统网络,利用卫星工具箱获取每颗卫星对地覆盖人口数,以此为参数计算得到对网络影响较大的节点和链路,对于今后评估卫星网络风险具有一定的启发意义。     

考虑非线性模型不确定性的航天器自主交会控制

考虑航天器交会模型不确定性的问题,提出基于一般非线性相对运动方程的自适应控制策略. 针对复杂非线性系统中由外部扰动及目标星轨道参数引起的线性与非线性不确定性问题,通过自适应神经网络对模型结构进行参数化近似. 结合自适应反推技术和李雅普诺夫稳定方法进行自适应控制器设计,能够实现控制目标,保证所得闭环系统的渐近稳定性. 为了探究同时存在模型不确定性和输入约束的情况下航天器相对运动的自适应控制设计,提出辅助控制系统来分析和解决输入约束的影响. 针对相对运动提出的自适应控制策略保证了闭环系统的稳定性,使得模型未知参数的自适应估计满足最终一致有界性. 对不同案例分析比较的数值仿真结果验证了提出控制方法的有效性.     

中国低轨移动卫星通信系统星座设计

本文研究低轨移动卫星通信系统设计中的一个基本问题－－星座设计问题，并给邮了我国低圆轨道移动卫星通信系统的星座设计方案，该星座是以三个轨道平面组成的２４颗星系统，它的高度为１３２６ｋｍ，轨道参数由本文提出的优化算法进行设计，本文用统计的方法对我国低轨系统方案和Ｇｌｏｂａｌｓｔａｒ系统（２４颗星方案）的覆盖性能进行分析比较，结果表明本文提出的系统对我国的覆盖特性优于Ｇｌｏｂａｌｓｔａｒ系统，本文还对圆     

原子氧对航天材料表面的作用与防护 I原子氧与航天材料的作用

综述了低地球轨道环境下原子氧与航天材料的相互作用及其机制，介绍了原子氧敏感性材料以及它们在低地球轨道环境下的降解情况。