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71.
����������Ͳ�¶ȷֲ����� 总被引:21,自引:4,他引:17
凝析气井井筒温度分布是进行气井节点分析和动态分析必不可少的参数。根据传热学原理推出了凝析气井井筒温度分布计算公式,研究了温度计算基础数据求取方法,分析了产气量、产水量、井深及油管直径对井口温度的影响规律。对某一井深为5400m的凝析气井进行了计算,该气井气油比为3000,含23%的H2S和4%的N2;地层温度为134℃。计算结果表明:井口实测温度与计算温度的相对误差为02%~38%,符合工程精度。气井温度随井深不呈线性分布;气井井口温度随产量、井深增加而增加,随油管直径减少而减少;该公式同时适用于干气井、湿气井和凝析气井的温度分布计算,计算精度符合工程精度要求。 相似文献
72.
防腐涂料及涂装技术讲座系列介绍防腐蚀涂料的品种和各类应用及最新产品研究进展。本讲主要介绍涂装前的表面预处理方法及表面处理质量的评定等 相似文献
73.
纳米聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺微凝胶的光引发聚合 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
选择具有温敏性的高分子单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(N-isopropylacrylamide,NIPAM)为主单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(methylenebisacrylamide,MBA)为交联剂,运用光引发无皂乳液聚合的方法合成出粒径小于100nm的高分子微凝胶,并研究了在改变体系组成和条件时微凝胶粒径的变化。结果显示,在乳化剂临界胶束浓度以下,随着乳化剂浓度的提高,微凝胶粒子的粒径不断关小且趋向稳定;相比于热引发,产生的微凝胶具有较高的单分散性而且粒径较小。 相似文献
74.
75.
In order to cumpare the peformance of different supply diffuers of ventilation air, the airflow passern, temperature stratifiation and contaminant dispersion in a furnitured office ventilated by three kinds of air diffuer were numerically investigated. The air diffuers studied in this paper are a quarter-cylinder displacement diffuer on the floor and mixing diffuers (linear and vortex diffuers) on the ceiling. The heat sources in the of-fice are considered to be 50% convective and 50% radiative. The k-? two-equatwn model of turbulence is employed to predict the turbulent diffusion. The results show that the displacement diffuser provides a rather uniform flow field with low velocify in most areas, and the vertical temperature difference from floor to ceiling is as high as 6 K. With the linear diffuser, the air velociry is high, and the temperature is uniform both horizontally and vertically. The air velocity generated by the vortex diffuser is moderate. The distributions of the temperature and the contaminant are rather uniform. 相似文献
76.
77.
Neil Kirkpatrick 《Packaging Technology and Science》1993,6(3):159-172
Solid-waste management, and in particular the disposal of used packaging, is currently the subject of much topical debate. This is driven by both consumer and legislative pressures. Consumers see used packaging as a highly visible element of municipal solid waste, complaining of excessive packaging and low levels of recycling. Legislators, perhaps in pandering to the views expressed by consumer bodies, have been active within the CEC and individual Member States by introducing (or proposing) legislation or similar regulatory tools and targets to facilitate a greater diversion of used packaging from disposal by landfill to alternative solid-waste management practices, in particular recycling, which are widely accepted to have a lower impact on the environment. In this paper the relative environmental profiles of pursuing alternative solid-waste management practices to disposal by landfill are explored, focusing not just on solid waste per se but also on associated considerations of energy consumption and emissions, which are invariably overlooked as factors contributing to the environmental impact of solid-waste management practices. 相似文献
78.
This paper highlights the possibility of inverse gas chromatography for the surface characterization of common fillers (CaCO3, talc, SiO2,) for paints and coatings. Divided solids are described, on the one hand, by the dispersive component of their surface energy and, on the other, by a specific parameter indicating their acid-base interaction potential. The role of the surface morphology at a molecular level is also examined. It is demonstrated that steric effects play an important role in the adsorption of probes on lamellar solids like talc. The consequences of surface treatments as well as examples of practical applications are also reported. 相似文献
79.
80.
Yoshiyuki Uno Akira Okada Kensuke Uemura Purwadi Raharjo Toshihiko Furukawa Kosaku Karato 《Precision Engineering》2005,29(4):171-455
A new finishing process for metal molds by large-area electron beam (EB) irradiation is proposed in this study. In the large-area EB irradiation equipment used here, an EB with high-energy density is irradiated without focusing the beam, and so the EB with a maximum diameter of 60 mm can be used for melting or evaporating metal surface instantly. Experimental results show that the surface roughness decreases from 6 μmRz to less than 1 μmRz in just a few minutes under proper machining conditions. The corrosion resistance of metal mold surface also could be greatly improved by large-area EB irradiation. Furthermore, the surface roughness of tilting surface close to 90° could be well improved. Therefore, large-area EB irradiation method has a possibility to become a high-efficiency finishing process for metal molds. 相似文献