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91.
R. E. Bentley 《International Journal of Thermophysics》1985,6(1):83-99
A technique is presented that enables the effects of temperature on the Seebeck coefficient to be assessed for individual wires. The technique, involving a high-resolution thermoelectric scanning rig and a nonuniform conditioning furnace of known temperature profile, was applied to 0.5-mm-diameter wires of Pt and Pt 10% Rh. Changes were observed in Seebeck coefficient when these wires were used in high-purity twin-bore insulation for up to 200 h at temperatures over the range 500 to 1700°C. Contamination from the insulation was found to be transmitted by a vaporization process, having an activation energy of 3 eV. This caused changes of up to 0.14 V · °C–1 in Pt and 0.01 V · °C–1 in Pt 10% Rh. Rhodium transfer to the pure Pt wire changed its Seebeck coefficient by up to 5 V · °C–1. The consequences of both processes for thermocouple pyrometry are presented. 相似文献
92.
The development of a high-speed spindle measurement system using a laser diode and a quadrants sensor 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
Wen-Yuh Jywe Chun-Jen Chen 《International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture》2005,45(10):1162-1170
Reducing the manufacturing time is the trend of precision manufacturing, and the precision of a work-piece is very important for manufacturing industry. High-speed cutting is becoming more widely used and the high-speed spindle is a very important element, whose precision may affect the overall performance of high-speed cutting. Most of the studies on high-speed cutting are focused on the cutting force, the vibration of the spindle and the effects of the spindle's thermal expansion; however, the measurement of the high-speed spindle continues to use the conventional spindle measurement method.As with the measurement of the high-speed spindle, more strict demands are set on the dynamic balance of cutting tools and the bandwidth of the measurement systems when compared with common spindles. The capacitance displacement sensor has been employed for the spindle error test. The precision of the measurement system is limited by the reference (such as a master ball or a master cylinder). Also the capacitance sensor and the reference must be grounded together. This paper presents a simple spindle measurement system using a laser diode and a quadrants sensor, with accuracy up to 1 μm, within 300,000 rpm for various spindles. The system does not need any reference and it is easy to set up. This system can be applied to measure the spindle errors, the spindle speed and the spindle indexing. 相似文献
93.
Formation of WC/Ni hard alloy coating by laser cladding of W/C/Ni pure element powder blend 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Minlin Zhong Wenjin Liu Yu Zhang Xiaofeng Zhu 《International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials》2006,24(6):453-460
WC/Ni coating was formed by laser cladding of a W/C/Ni powder blend. The formed WC crystals have rectangular or quadrangle cross-section shapes with size of 2–30 μm. Step, twist and cross growth morphologies of WC formation were observed. The coating contains WC, CW3, WNi, FeW3C, Fe6W6C, W3O, W, C, and (Fe,Ni) phases. 相似文献
94.
为了表征二维混凝土的传输过程,制备厚度为1 mm的混凝土薄片. 采用X射线透射成像(TXR)技术,联合扫描电镜、背散射和能谱分析技术(SEM/BSE/EDS)原位追踪水在2维混凝土薄片中的毛细自吸过程. 测试不同质量分数CsCl溶液对X射线透射图像的增强效果. 结果表明,CsCl能够提高吸水过程中混凝土薄片的TXR图像对比度,使得水在混凝土中的渗流路径更清晰、可辨. 水泥浆体在吸收CsCl后,扫描电子背散射图像的对比度显著增强. 不同位置铯原子的EDS能谱结果验证了TXR技术确定吸水前锋位置的准确性. 相似文献
95.
Laser Dressing of Metal Bonded Diamond Wheel 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In this study, a laser beam is used as a non-contact thermal dressing tool for a bronze bonded diamond wheel. The pulsed-Nd:YAG laser beam is irradiated on the wheel surface and the bond material partially removed by laser irradiation only. In order to efficiently remove the bond material, it is necessary to direct an air jet on the spot irradiated by the laser so as to blow away the molten binder before it solidifies again. Less damage of diamond particles such as micro-cracks or graphitization occurs. In grinding with a laser-dressed wheel, the grinding forces are almost the same as those for a conventionally dressed wheel. Consequently, effective laser dressing can be expected with the associated dressing conditions. 相似文献
96.
Mapping and Modelling Single Scan Track Formation in Direct Metal Selective Laser Melting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
When a laser beam scans the surface of a metallic powder bed, the resulting track may be continuous with a crescent shape cross-section, continuous with an elliptical section, discontinuously irregularly broken, discontinuously balled or only partially melted. This paper reports experimental observations of what CO2laser powers and scan speeds lead to what type of track, for M2 and H13 tools steels and 314S stainless steel powder beds. It also presents measurements of bed physical properties relevant to predicting the behaviour and the results of modelling that agree with the experiments. The results are placed in the broader context of selective laser melting build strategies 相似文献
97.
为了掌握高Al2O3条件下(w(Al2O3)为15%以上)高炉渣系的熔化特性,利用差式扫描量热仪分析了不同w(MgO)/w(Al2O3)、碱度(R)以及w(Al2O3)对高铝高炉渣的熔化温度及熔化热的影响。试验结果表明,炉渣熔化开始温度为1 248~1 291 ℃、熔化结束温度为1 432~1 485 ℃、熔化热为137~211 J/g;当w(Al2O3)=15%、高w(MgO)/w(Al2O3)时,发生了共晶逆反应,导致高炉炉渣熔化开始温度逐渐降低,但由于高炉炉渣的液相线温度基本未变,所以炉渣熔化结束温度基本未发生改变;w(Al2O3)为20%时,随着w(MgO)/w(Al2O3)的增加,炉渣中易生成熔点较高的镁铝尖晶石,导致高炉炉渣熔化开始温度逐渐增大,与此同时,炉渣液相线温度逐渐降低,导致炉渣熔化结束温度逐渐降低;随着碱度R的增加,高炉炉渣中生成了具有高熔点的化合物、炉渣的液相线温度升高,使得高炉炉渣的熔化开始温度逐渐增加、炉渣熔化结束温度逐渐升高;随着w(Al2O3)的增加,发生了共晶逆反应,故炉渣的熔化开始温度逐渐降低,而随着w(Al2O3)的增加,炉渣中键能较大的Al—O键增多,需要在更高温度下才能实现炉渣的最终熔化,即熔化结束温度逐渐增加;随着w(MgO)/w(Al2O3)、R以及w(Al2O3)的增加,炉渣熔化热逐渐增多。分析认为,随着R的增加,炉渣中有高熔点化合物的生成,熔化热增加;随着炉渣中w(Al2O3)的增加,炉渣中Al—O键增多,解聚破坏熔渣结构消耗的热量增多;而随着w(MgO)/w(Al2O3)增加,高熔点化合物的生成或熔化开始温度降低,造成熔化热增加。 相似文献
98.
99.
Zr对Cu—Zn—Al形状记忆合金相变的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用示差扫描热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射及透射电镜,研究了Zr对Cu-Zn-Al合金高温相变、马氏体正逆转变以及形状记忆效应的影响。结果表明,添加Zr0.35wt-%时,能有效地抑制α,γ相析出,促进β_2→DO_3→18RM转变。(M_s-M_f)及(A_s-A_f)温度区间较窄,马氏体相变激活能最低,马氏体变体间界面的可动性好,形状记忆效应最佳。 相似文献
100.
Y. H. Cheng X. L. Qiao J. G. Chen Y. P. Wu C. S. Xie Y. Q. Wang D. S. Xu S. B. Mo Y. B. Sun 《Surface & coatings technology》2002,160(2-3)
Carbon nitride films were deposited by direct current plasma assisted pulsed laser ablation of a graphite target under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The surface morphology, composition and bonding structure of the deposited films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of laser fluences in the range 0.5–3 J/cm2 on the surface morphology, composition and bonding structure of the carbon nitride films were systematically studied. As laser fluence is increased, AFM results show a great decrease in the surface roughness of carbon nitride films. FTIR and XPS results indicate an increase in the N/C ratio and the content of N atoms bonded to sp3 C, as well as a decrease in the content of H atoms and the content of N atoms boned to sp2 C in the deposited films, and Raman spectra indicate an increase in the content of disordered sp2 C atoms and the sp2 cluster size. The increase in the film density and the decrease in the particle fraction contribute to the decrease of surface roughness with increasing laser fluence. 相似文献