Contributing to appliances’ energy efficiency with Internet of Things,smart data and user engagement

The project OpenFridge has designed and developed the Internet of Things data system with semantic and data analytics enablers for building new services on a top of typical home appliance data—in particular, refrigerators. In order to identify the real-life potential of the system i.e. the innovative set-up from the technical as well as user acceptance sides, pilots with real users have been run, and eventually the data has been collected in a collaborative crowdsourcing manner. The most active users of the system have been surveyed. The paper describes the OpenFridge platform and approach, its evaluation results with the real life users, and discusses the lessons learned and open issues. Though still early for the massive market deployment, the system demonstrates the feasibility of the approach of the users interacting with the semantic energy data and eventually opening it up for the data economy. Also, preferences towards more pervasive ways to interact with such systems were identified.     

An inorganic resist technology and its applications to LSI fabrication processes

An Ag/Se-Ge inorganic resist technology is applied to photolithographic processes in LSI fabrication. This paper describes exposure latitude, RIE characteristics, resist fabrication and exposure throughputs, pattern alignment, defocus tolerances and fabrication yields of Al interconnection.Lateral Ag diffusion does not effectively improve the exposure tolerance. The technology exhibits good compatibility with other equipment and technologies, offering satisfactory throughput. Excellent accuracy in pattern alignment is obtained owing to dry-deposition fabrication and the suitable optical properties of the Se-Ge inorganic film, which result in regulated and distinct alignment signals. Defocus tolerance in the resist is larger than that of polymer resist by 2 ∽ 3 μm in the submicron pattern. Al interconnections using this resist demonstrate a short-circuit failure rate of less than 1% and small variation in linewidth having a standard deviation of σ_w = 0.08 μm.In practical processes, the significant advantages of this resist are its bilayer resist structure (doped Ag-Se-Ge and underlying Se-Ge) and its dry deposition, very thin, favorable optical characteristics.     

Searching for variable-speed motions in long sequences of motion capture data

Motion capture data digitally represent human movements by sequences of body configurations in time. Subsequence searching in long sequences of such spatio-temporal data is difficult as query-relevant motions can vary in execution speeds and styles and can occur anywhere in a very long data sequence. To deal with these problems, we employ a fast and effective similarity measure that is elastic. The property of elasticity enables matching of two overlapping but slightly misaligned subsequences with a high confidence. Based on the elasticity, the long data sequence is partitioned into overlapping segments that are organized in multiple levels. The number of levels and sizes of overlaps are optimized to generate a modest number of segments while being able to trace an arbitrary query. In a retrieval phase, a query is always represented as a single segment and fast matched against segments within a relevant level without any costly post-processing. Moreover, visiting adjacent levels makes possible subsequence searching of time-warped (i.e., faster or slower executed) queries. To efficiently search on a large scale, segment features can be binarized and segmentation levels independently indexed. We experimentally demonstrate effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach for subsequence searching on a real-life dataset.     

Privacy-Preserving Content-Aware Search Based on Two-Level Index

Nowadays, cloud computing is used more and more widely, more and more people prefer to using cloud server to store data. So, how to encrypt the data efficiently is an important problem. The search efficiency of existed search schemes decreases as the index increases. For solving this problem, we build the two-level index. Simultaneously, for improving the semantic information, the central word expansion is combined. The purpose of privacy-preserving content-aware search by using the two-level index (CKESS) is that the first matching is performed by using the extended central words, then calculate the similarity between the trapdoor and the secondary index, finally return the results in turn. Through experiments and analysis, it is proved that our proposed schemes can resist multiple threat models and the schemes are secure and efficient.     

Change propagation analysis for system modeling using Semantic Web technology

Change propagation potentially affects many aspects of a SysML-based system model during the iterative process of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). However, few authors have addressed the implication of engineering change and its impact. To address having a successful change process, this article analyzes and explicitly represents different scenarios of how a system model is changed from a formal perspective, i.e., how a system model should be changed, and how model elements should be added, deleted or modified in response to design changes. A workflow is introduced to guide the change process taking change propagation into account. Second, change impact relationships among requirements, behaviors, and structures of the system model are formalized by an ontology to make the semantics both human-understandable and machine-readable. Reasoning rules are defined as well in order to improve automation of the change process. Finally, an experiment using a water distiller system showed that the identification of change impact information could help designers complete the change in less time and with higher quality.     

计算机参数化建筑设计中的语义和语法

本文介绍了参数化形式操作一般情况,并与其他两种不同的形式操作方法相比较,即传统形式操作建模（Modeling）与新兴的基于脚本和编码（Scripting／Coding）。从设计语汇中语义和语法的角度来说明参数化形式操作的特点及其优越性。分析并说明了建筑形式操作语义和语法的定义和意义。并以九宫格为例,介绍了不同的形式操作语汇下九宫格原型的变化和发展。展现了参数化形式操作的多种可能性和不同的思维方式。     

Semantic Similarity Assessment Using Differential Evolution Algorithm in Continuous Vector Space

The assessment of semantic similarity between terms is one of the challenging tasks in knowledge-based applications, such as multimedia retrieval, automatic service discovery and emotion mining. By means of similarity estimation, the comprehension of textual resources can become more feasible and accurate. Some studies have proposed the integration of various assessment methods for taking advantage of different semantic resources, but most of them simply employ average operation or regression training. In this paper, we address this problem by combining the corpus-based similarity methods with the WordNet-based methods based on a differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Specifically, this DE-based approach conducts similarity assessment in a continuous vector space. It is validated against a variety of similarity approaches on multiple benchmark datasets. Empirical results demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing works and more conforms to the human judgement of similarity. The results also prove the expressiveness of continuous vectors learned from neural network on latent lexical semantics.     

Semantics-based services for a low carbon society: An application on emissions trading system data and scenarios management

A low carbon society aims at fighting global warming by stimulating synergic efforts from governments, industry and scientific communities. Decision support systems should be adopted to provide policy makers with possible scenarios, options for prompt countermeasures in case of side effects on environment, economy and society due to low carbon society policies, and also options for information management. A necessary precondition to fulfill this agenda is to face the complexity of this multi-disciplinary domain and to reach a common understanding on it as a formal specification. Ontologies are widely accepted means to share knowledge. Together with semantic rules, they enable advanced semantic services to manage knowledge in a smarter way. Here we address the European Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS) and we present a knowledge base consisting of the EREON ontology and a catalogue of rules. Then we describe two innovative semantic services to manage ETS data and information on ETS scenarios.     

Supporting the semi-automatic semantic annotation of web services: A systematic literature review

ContextSemantically annotating web services is gaining more attention as an important aspect to support the automatic matchmaking and composition of web services. Therefore, the support of well-known and agreed ontologies and tools for the semantical annotation of web services is becoming a key concern to help the diffusion of semantic web services.ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic literature review is to summarize the current state-of-the-art for supporting the semantical annotation of web services by providing answers to a set of research questions.MethodThe review follows a predefined procedure that involves automatically searching well-known digital libraries. As a result, a total of 35 primary studies were identified as relevant. A manual search led to the identification of 9 additional primary studies that were not reported during the automatic search of the digital libraries. Required information was extracted from these 44 studies against the selected research questions and finally reported.ResultsOur systematic literature review identified some approaches available for semantically annotating functional and non-functional aspects of web services. However, many of the approaches are either not validated or the validation done lacks credibility.ConclusionWe believe that a substantial amount of work remains to be done to improve the current state of research in the area of supporting semantic web services.