Reliability and validity of self-reported assessment of exposure and outcome variables for manual lifting tasks: a preliminary investigation

The reliability and validity of self-reported assessment of exposure and outcome variables were examined for manual lifting activities among ten physiotherapists. In this study, the participants evaluated the effects of five lifting variables on perceived effort, twice separated by a one-week period. One hundred and sixty-two lifting conditions were evaluated by each subject. The exposure and outcome lifting variables were described in linguistic terms. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC(1,1)) analysis revealed a mean value of 0.62 for all lifting activities. The self-reported assessment was cross-validated with the NIOSH lifting index by mapping the linguistic variables into numerical ranges. Moderate correlations (r = 0.54 and 0.53, p<0.01) were obtained between perceived physical exertion/perceived risk and lifting index. The findings of this study provide preliminary indications that human-based methodologies may be further explored on experienced workers.     

基于小波子带统计特性的图像量化及质量可分级编码研究

随着数字电视、网上会议和在线点播的出现，越来越多的图像信息需要在网上进行传输，而此时人们不仅要求编码技术具有较好的压缩效果，还要求信息的传输能够满足渐进传输、多质量服务以及图像数据库浏览等一系列的要求。本文提出了一种基于位平面的图像质量可分级编码方法，结合小波子带图像的系数分布特性，利用样本标准差作为量化的依据，对各分辨率级进行分级量化，并且采用了位平面编码和算术编码，使得在解码时可以根据给定解码的数率不同对位平面进行重构以实现图像的质量可分级性。实验结果表明，本文提出的方法实现简单，编解码速度快，在保证具有很好的编码效果的前提下，可以实现图像的质量可分级编码。     

一种无线信道多描述图像编码算法

提出了一种新的图像多描述编码算法，给出了多描述分解的算法和规则，并结合运动补偿时间域滤波(MCTF)进行多描述间的编码，针对无线信道的特点提出了多描述间分层的概念，以适应无线信道传输。实验结果表明，提出的空域分层多描述图像编码(spatial-layer multiple image coding, SL-MDIC)算法有效地利用了MCTF编码的特点，提高了中央信道的编码性能，同时对于收到单个描述或部分描述，解码的图像仍能获得较好的重构图像。     

自适应提升小波变换与信号去噪

文章引入了基于提升法的自适应离散小波变换,根据LMS自适应法使伯恩斯坦预测算子自适应匹配特定的数据序列,而且应用该方法于信号的软域值去噪,数值仿真实验表明自适应提升小波变换同经典的小波变换相比,去噪后信号的信噪比效率相近,提升方法的优点在于其设计上的灵活性和计算简单。     

多小波变换的提升格式及其在图象编码中的应用

在简要介绍提升格式和多小波之后，提出了一种新的实现多小波变换的提升格式模型，由于这个模型主要由若干个单小波变换的提升格式搭建而成，因而不必自己推演提升格式的内部结构和参数，另外，这个模型还可以根据实际应用的需要选用不同的单小波，该文还给出用D9／7双正交（单）小波变换的提升格式构造的多小波变换的实例，并把这样构造的多小波变换应用于图象编码，结果表明，该方法可取得比常用的GHM多小波图象编码更好的效果。     

关于黄河小北干流河势及浪店水源工程取水方案的研究

黄河小北干流河道宽深比太大（４０～５２），属不稳定河道，河势受天然节点和人工整治工程的控导和水沙大幅度变化的相互作用，具有汛期大幅度变迁和非汛期局部变动的特点。解决水源工程的途径是在河道整治基础上，对河势观测资料系统分析预测，选择吴王一浪店相对稳定河段为取水段，采取建简易泵站多口分散取水，集中输送的水源工程方案。     

Outstanding problems in river regulation

Integrated river basin management has been the backcloth against which river regulation has been practiced in England and Wales for the past 14 years. Its success is reviewed and the forthcoming changes in legislation are critically examined. A number of problems facing the emergent National Rivers Authority are discussed. The need for co-operation rather than conflict is advocated wherever environment is to be protected and when competing pressures impact on river resources. A number of technical issues remain unresolved and the need for continuing work is recognized.     

Minimal acceptable handling time intervals for lifting and lowering tasks

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the minimal acceptable handling time interval (MAHTI) for 4 h of endurance manual materials handling tasks using a psychophysical approach. Nine experienced male subjects were recruited to perform manual materials handling tasks with three load weights (10, 15, and 20 kg) and six ranges (floor to knuckle, FK; knuckle to floor, KF; knuckle to shoulder, KS; shoulder to knuckle, SK; floor to shoulder, FS; shoulder to floor, SF). Subjects were asked to adjust the handling time interval to the minimum that they could perform without becoming strained, uncomfortable, tired, weakened, overheated, or out-of-breath for 4 h of the endurance handling period. The results showed that the heavier load produced a larger MAHTI, and the overall descending sequence of MAHTI values for the six ranges was FS, KS, SF, FK, KF, and SK. The MAHTI for each lifting task was significantly higher than that of its corresponding lowering task (p<0.05). All MAHTI data were further verified by tests run on an additional nine subjects; this showed that the psychophysically determined MAHTIs were appropriate with no apparent underestimation.     

A Technique for Extracting Sub-source Similarities from Information Sources Having Different Formats

In this paper we propose a semi-automatic technique for deriving the similarity degree between two portions of heterogeneous information sources (hereafter, sub-sources). The proposed technique consists in two phases: the first one selects the most promising pairs of sub-sources, whereas the second one computes the similarity degree relative to each promising pair. We show that the detection of sub-source similarities is a special case (and a very interesting one, for semi-structured information sources) of the more general problem of Scheme Match. In addition, we present a real example case to clarify the proposed technique, a set of experiments we have conducted to verify the quality of its results, a discussion about its computational complexity and its classification in the context of related literature. Finally, we discuss some possible applications which can benefit by derived similarities.     

弧形闸门后拉式在三门滩工程中的应用

弧形闸门是一种常用的门型，广泛地应用于水利水电工程中，但其启吊方式一直没有很好的妥善解决，惯常的前拉方式，因钢绳长期浸泡水底而产生锈蚀，给为担忧及更换钢绳造成困难，在三门滩水利枢纽溢洪道露顶弧门中，选用了ＱＰＱ型启闭机后拉式起吊弧门，克服了这一缺陷，获得了很好的运行效果。