生物质造纸化学品的研究进展

介绍了多种生物质造纸化学品的研究现状,重点介绍了生物质增干强剂、中性施胶剂、表面施胶剂、助留助滤剂、絮凝剂等。并对当前需要大力开发的高性能生物质造纸化学品进行了展望。特别对淀粉基、纤维素基、木质素基、壳聚糖基造纸化学品的制备及作用机理进行了论述。     

苯丙乳液表面施胶剂的合成

以苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯为主体,加入功能单体,通过乳液聚合制成环保型、成本低廉的水乳性表面施胶剂,并用FT-IR测试方法对其结构进行了表征。通过定时跟踪固含量,研究了聚合工艺、聚合条件对聚合产品的影响。在两步聚合法、搅拌速度180r/min、反应温度75℃、反应时间2h、保温时间2h的工艺条件下,单体的转化率在85%以上。     

论“摔打法”焦炭炉外整粒工艺

论述了“摔打法”焦炭炉外整粒工艺的原理、潜在条件和现实意义,对比了整粒前后的经济效益,并提出了一些建议。     

Effects of physical parameters of a gravel bed on the activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria in the presence of acid mine drainage

The use of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the passive treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) requires the presence of a sediment, such as gravel bed, in which the bacteria can establish microenvironments conducive to their survival in the presence of oxygen and acidity. The characterization of relationships between the physical environment and SRB activity would be useful in the sizing of passive treatment systems using SRB. The effects of physical parameters of a gravel bed (i.e. void volume, total surface area of gravel, type of gravel) on SRB activity while in the presence of varying loads of fresh AMD was investigated. SRB activity was expressed as the proportion of sulphate removed after 7 days. The study was accomplished in a series of column reactors containing beds comprising different types and size classes of gravel. SRB were established in the beds and metal and sulphate removal were monitored. Quantifiable relationships were found to exist between SRB activity and the physical parameters of the bed. ©1997 SCI     

高性能玻璃纤维研究

结合近年来高强玻璃纤维研究,介绍了国内外高性能玻璃纤维的力学性能研究方法及数据,论述了高性能玻璃纤维在高温、化学腐蚀等条件下的力学性能优势,对比分析了高性能玻璃纤维增强复合材料的机械性能。作为复合材料的增强基材,高性能玻璃纤维能够更好地满足复合材料工艺及功能的要求。     

Prediction of TMCH thermal hazard with various calorimetric tests by green thermal analysis technology

1,1,‐Di‐(tert‐butylperoxy)‐3,3,5‐trimethylcyclohexane (TMCH), a liquid organic peroxide, has been widely used in the chemical industry as a polymerization initiator. The thermokinetic parameters of TMCH are investigated by three types of calorimetric tests (isothermal, nonisothermal, and adiabatic) to determine thermal decomposition properties of TMCH using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) isothermal tests, DSC nonisothermal tests, and vent sizing package 2 adiabatic tests, respectively. Comparisons of three kinds of thermal analysis models were done for kinetics simulation, which can result in a beneficial kinetic model and parameters of thermal decomposition of TMCH. The use of green technology to replace the complex methods and energy consumption of the traditional self‐accelerating decomposition temperature tests are discussed. There are significant disadvantages with traditional thermal analysis methods in terms of a novel, swift, and green technology, which is the achieved object here for preventing pollution and reducing energy consumption. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J,, 2012     

先进热塑性树脂预浸料用原材料

研究分析表明,现有碳纤维与热塑性树脂的相容性差,且其使用的环氧上浆剂不能承受250℃以上工艺温度,不宜用于热塑性树脂预浸料的制备;此外,目前热塑性树脂预浸料制备方法多种多样,不同的工艺方法要求热塑性树脂的形态也不尽相同。指出必须尽快开发出适合热塑性树脂预浸料的碳纤维,满足不同预浸工艺要求和形态各异的热塑性树脂基体。     

Enhanced interfacial strength and mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites by introducing functionalized silica nanoparticles into the interface

Introducing nanoparticles onto the surface of carbon fibers (CFs) is a useful method for enhancing the quality of fiber-matrix interface. In this work, a liquid sizing agent containing functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiO₂) was well prepared to improve interfacial strength and mechanical properties of composites. In order to enhance the dispersion of SiO₂ nanoparticles in sizing agent, SiO₂ nanoparticles were chemically grafted with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), and then silanized silica (SiO₂-APS) was introduced into the interphase by a conventional sizing process as well. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the successful preparation of SiO₂-APS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that a uniform distribution of SiO₂-APS on the fiber surface and the increased surface roughness. The sized fibers (CF/SiO₂-APS) exhibited a high surface free energy and good wettability based on a dynamic contact angle testing. Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of untreated and sized CFs composites were investigated. Simultaneous enhancements of interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and impact toughness of CF/SiO₂-APS composites were achieved, increasing 44.79% in ILSS and 31.53% in impact toughness compared to those of untreated composites. Moreover, flexural strength and modulus of composites increased by 32.22 and 50.0% according to flexural test. In addition, the hydrothermal aging resistance of CF/SiO₂-APS composites has been improved significantly owing to the introduced Si-O-Si bonds at the interface.     

耐热型热塑性上浆剂研究进展

目前,针对热固性上浆剂体系的研究较成熟,但热固性上浆剂的分解温度较低,无法满足碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料（CFRTP）对加工温度的要求,所以研发耐热型热塑性上浆剂对提高CFRTP的综合性能意义重大。本文介绍了上浆剂的作用和近年来国内外耐热型热塑性上浆剂常用的主浆料,指出了国外聚氨酯、双马来酰亚胺和尼龙6等热塑性树脂基体的上浆剂已相继取得产业化的现状。重点综述了溶剂型、乳液型和水性上浆剂的制备方法及研究成果,并总结了3类上浆剂的优缺点。最后指出溶剂型上浆剂存在环境污染、资源浪费和安全隐患等缺陷,研发与树脂相容性好、环境友好的乳液型和水性上浆剂以及优化二者的制备工艺将是下一步工作的重点。