莲壳膳食纤维微波-双酶协同提取工艺优化

以莲子壳为原料,采用微波-双酶协同提取莲壳膳食纤维,在单因素试验结果的基础上,进行正交试验,研究莲子壳筛目数、料液比、木瓜蛋白酶和糖化酶用量及提取时间对莲壳膳食纤维提取工艺的影响。结果表明:其最佳提取工艺条件为莲壳筛目数60目,液料比201(mL/g),木瓜蛋白酶加入量3%,微波协同木瓜蛋白酶酶解提取时间为6×20s(提取6次,每次20s,间隔2min),糖化酶用量4%,微波协同糖化酶提取时间8×20s(提取8次,每次20s,间隔2min),该条件下莲壳膳食纤维提取率为72.36%。与双酶提取法相比,微波-双酶协同提取法可缩短70%的时间,提取率提高82.87%。     

响应面优化酶法提取莲子心中黄酮类化合物

利用纤维素酶酶解技术对莲子心中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,设计三因素三水平的响应面分析法,建立二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,最终确定了酶提取工艺的最佳参数:溶剂50%乙醇,液料比19:1,纤维素酶添加量0.3%,pH5.5,在60℃下酶解2h。实际测得总黄酮得率为4.50%,与理论预测值基本相符。     

公文流转中复杂工作流程的通用设计

该文针对传统办公自动化系统中公文流转的固定流程和流转复杂性的矛盾,提出了以动态流程为基础的复杂工作流程的通用设计方法.同时结合开发实例加以剖析,并展望了今后的发展前景.     

Hierarchical roughness makes superhydrophobic states stable

Roughness enhances hydrophobicity of a solid surface leading to high contact angles with water. To achieve low contact angle hysteresis along with a high contact angle, superhydrophobic surfaces should form composite interface (CI) with air pockets in the valleys between asperities. The CI is often unstable and can be irreversibly transformed into the homogeneous interface. We formulate stability criterion, identify mechanisms, which lead to destabilization of the CI, and show that these mechanisms are scale-dependent. To effectively resist these scale-dependent mechanisms, a multiscale (hierarchical) roughness is required. Such multiscale roughness is found in natural and artificial superhydrophobic surfaces.     

Effects of pressurized cooking on the relationship between the chemical compositions and texture changes of lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)

The texture of lotus root is hard and crispy, and the root can maintain its appearance and mouth feel after cooking at 100 °C for over 60 min. This study tried to elucidate relationships between pressurized cooking treatments (at 100 °C for 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 min and at 110 °C, 121 °C and 132 °C for 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 min, respectively) and changes in its chemical composition and texture. Results showed that the contents of hemi-cellulose and cellulose of lotus root decreased with increasing pressurized cooking temperature/duration during heat treatment while lignin content remained almost the same. The NDF contents decreased more than did the ADF contents. Relative hardness of lotus root decreased with increasing pressurized cooking temperature/duration while solid loss increased (P < 0.05). These results could be used as references for the lotus root industry, as well as an academic basis for future development.     

基于空间句法的蕊幢精舍空间结构研究

蕊幢精舍是保定古莲花池中的一个特别存在,作为书院园林中的寺庙建筑,其空间文化意义不甚明了,笔者不仅通过传统图解法定性的分析其空间结构,同时又借助空间句法理论,通过研究连接值,深度值,整合度以及可理解度几个变量,对其空间结构进行量化分析,通过定性和定量两个层面研究其空间结构,有助于人们对蕊幢精舍空间结构的深入认知,进而深入理解其文化意义。     

策略在Lotus Notes/Domino系统管理中的应用

本文回顾了Lotus Notes/Domino系统中策略的概念,包括策略的种类和定义方法。从注册、安装、邮件、桌面等几个方面阐述如何使用策略来构建、管理Notes系统和用户行为,并对运用策略提高Notes系统管理安全性、易用性等方面进行了探讨。最后,给出Notes策略的实例。     

构建Lotus Domino的Brower／Web Server模式

随着企业原来开发Lotus Domino／Notes的Client／Server（客户端,服务器）模式,改为现今Brower／Web Server（浏览器,服务器）模式及其实际应用,详细讲述企业局域网B／S模式优势以及如何构建Lotus Domino／Notes的B／S运行模式的具体方法。     

Hierarchical Co/MoO2@N-doped carbon nanosheets derived from waste lotus leaves for electrocatalytic water splitting

It is imperative for electrochemical water splitting to seek functional materials with high performance, competence, durability, economical, and eco-friendly. Herein, we develop a simplistic two-step annealing strategy to synthesize the hierarchical Co/MoO₂@nitrogen (N)-doped carbon nanosheets (CMO@NC) electrocatalysts derived from the low-cost and sustainable lotus leaves biomass for water-splitting. The optimum catalyst (CMO@NC/450) exhibits a notable low overpotential of 130 and 272 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^?2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 M KOH, owing to their unique surface features, large surface area, abundant meso/micropores, and high pyridinic N-contents. Also, the CMO@NC/450 catalyst-equipped with a two-electrode configuration exhibits notable water splitting activity only requires a cell-potential of 1.629 V@10 mA cm^?2 in 1.0 M KOH. The results reveal that hierarchical flower-like morphology increases the contact area, prevents aggregation, and enables massive active-sites for HER and OER. Additionally, the synergistic effects between Co/MoO₂ and the N-doped-carbon heterostructure enhance charge-delocalization, ultimately improving electrocatalytic performance and stability. This work is aimed to promote the exploration and design of suitable doping structures and compositions for the development of highly effective and sustainable biomass-derived catalysts in a wide-range of electrochemical applications.     

Nitrogen doped lotus stem carbon as electrocatalyst comparable to Pt/C for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media

The nitrogen doped carbon with high content of pyridine N and porous structure indicates high activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this paper, nitrogen doped lotus stem carbon (N-LSC) with 6.3 at% of N (containing 52 at% of pyridine N) and porous structure is developed by using lotus stem as carbon source and dopamine hydrochloride as nitrogen source. The ORR activity, stability and methanol tolerance are characterized. The results show that the N-LSC has comparable activity to Pt/C, and much better methanol tolerance and stability than Pt/C. The porous structure and high content of pyridine N are believed to lead to the high ORR performances of the N-LSC.