Oxidative and color stability of cooked ground pork containing lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera) and barley leaf (Hordeum vulgare) powder during refrigerated storage

This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative and color stability of cooked ground pork containing lotus leaf powder at 0.1 (LP1) and 0.5% (LP2) as well as barley leaf powder at 0.1 (BP1) and 0.5% (BP2) during refrigerated storage for 10 days. The oxidative stability of these powders was compared with butylhydroxytoluene (BHT). LP1 had higher a* and lower b* values than the control (-) over 4 days (p<0.05). The pH values of the ground pork samples made with addition of LP and BHT decreased until day 4 and then increased. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) values were lowest in LP2 on day 10 (p<0.05). The ground pork samples containing LP and BP had lower peroxide values (POVs) and conjugated dienes (CD) compared to the control (-).These results indicate that LP or BP can be incorporated into ground pork to effectively retard oxidation after cooking.     

An investigation into bacterial attachment to an elastomeric superhydrophobic surface prepared via aerosol assisted deposition

Bacterial attachment is highly dependent on a surfaces microstructure. For example, some rough surfaces provide grooves suitable for bacterial adhesion. Superhydrophobic surfaces with a Cassie-Baxter wetting mechanism are shown to prevent contact between a bacterium and surface attachment points. The surface used in this study is a highly rough thin film made from a silicone elastomer via an aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) process. The films had water contact angles averaging 165°, a very low slip angle, and were capable of duplicating the Lotus effect. The ability of bacteria (Escherichia coli and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) to adhere to this surface was tested by submersion in a bacterial suspension. The superhydrophobic elastomer surfaces reduced the attachment of the bacteria tested, relative to the control surfaces of plain glass, and flat elastomeric films. The reduction in bacterial adhesion, without the external action of chemicals, gives the elastomer surface deposited with AACVD possible applications in biomedical and catering industries. This progressive study of bacterial adhesion is carried out on an AACVD prepared surface and presents adhesion results from both smooth and highly roughened elastomeric surfaces.     

Stability of Surface‐Enhanced Ultrahydrophilic Metals as a Basis for Bioactive rhBMP‐2 Surfaces

For several years the treatment of metals like cp titanium and 316L stainless steel with concentrated chromosulfuric acid at high temperatures (230‐240 °C) has formed the basis for preparing ultra‐hydrophilic priming coats on these metals (Jennissen et al. Materialwiss. Werkstofftech. 30, 838‐845, 1999). Metals treated in this way have been called surface‐enhanced, displaying a characteristic ultrastructure, and can be easily modified to carry a biocoat of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP‐2). The major oxide on surface enhanced titanium is TiO₂. Thus this TiO₂‐layer could be responsible for the ultra‐hydrophilic properties of the priming coat. Irradiation of TiO₂ layers by ultraviolet light (Wang et al., Nature 388, 431‐432, 1997) has been shown to endow these layers with ultra‐hydrophilic properties (i.e. contact angles of ～ 0°). However the ultra‐hydrophilic TiO₂‐layers produced by irradiation are unstable and revert to the original high contact angles of ～ 70° within several days. The question of whether the ultra‐hydrophilic surfaces prepared by the chromosulfuric acid method show long‐term stability was therefore important to answer. In addition the question if rhBMP‐2 immobilized on such a surface will retain its biological activity was of great interest. In this paper it will be shown that ultrahydrophilic titanium mini‐plates retain their ultra‐hydrophilicity with contact angles of 0‐8° unchanged for at least 50 days and support the immobilization of rhBMP‐2 in a biologically active form.     

第三代办公自动化系统安全设计与实现研究

从办公自动化入手,介绍了LotusNotes这个优秀软件,分析了第三代OA系统实现研究的基本内容、关键技术和难点,最后着重研究了它的安全设计实现。     

Vestitol: A phytoalexin with insect feeding-deterrent activity

A major feeding deterrent forCostelytra zealandica larvae was isolated from the root of the resistant pasture legumeLotus pedunculatus and was identified as 3R-(—)-vestitol. This compound was also identified in feeding deterrent-activeL. pedunculatus leaf extracts. (—)-Vestitol and a secondLotus isoflavan, sativan, have been reported to have phytoalexin activity, and the implications of this for the study and understanding of insect resistance are briefly discussed.     

Toxicity of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Bark Residues of Different Ages

In Quebec, Canada, industrial bark wastelands cover several hundred hectares of land. Bark residue that has piled up for decades tends to remain free of vegetation for years. To assess the revegetation potential of such sites, we sought to determine those factors responsible for poor plant growth. Phenolic compounds from fresh to 20-year-old bark residues were extracted with four solvents and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We simulated solutions (mixtures of standard phenolic compounds) to evaluate the potential toxic effects of phenolic compounds on the rhizobial growth, germination index, plant growth, nodule number, and nitrogen fixation activity of two legume species under laboratory conditions. The concentration of individual phenolic compounds varied from none detected to 350 μg/g bark residue. The extracted phenolic compounds differed among solvents and bark residues. The highest concentration of total phenolic compounds was from fresh bark; most of these were soluble in water or 0.1 M NaOH. For older bark residues, the total phenolic content depended on solvent strength, generally in the order of 2.0 M NaOH > 0.1 M NaOH = hot water > cold water. The biological activity of the simulated bark extracts was not established with the rhizobial growth inhibition test but with the germination index and rhizobium–legume symbiosis tests. With these, the toxicity of the simulated phenolic extracts decreased from fresh to the older bark residues. Plant dry weight, nodule number, and nitrogen fixation activity of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) were less negatively affected by high concentrations of phenolics than birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), although birdsfoot trefoil grew at lower concentrations. The rhizobium–legume symbiosis has potential for revegetating bark wastelands with less than 1 year old and older bark residues.     

精制藕粉工业化生产工艺与设备探讨

采用工业化生产工艺,通过清洗、筛分、离心分离等工艺,将莲藕中的淀粉和纤维、蛋白质及其它杂质分离开,制取精制的藕粉。日产精制藕粉在10吨以上,淀粉的提取率大于85％,适合工业化生产。     

Molecular Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase Genes in Lotus japonicus and Their Potential Roles in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays a vital role in photosynthetic tissues of higher plants, whereas its non-photosynthetic role in the symbiotic root nodule was rarely characterized. In this study, 13 CA genes were identified in the model legume Lotus japonicus by comparison with Arabidopsis CA genes. Using qPCR and promoter-reporter fusion methods, three previously identified nodule-enhanced CA genes (LjαCA2, LjαCA6, and LjβCA1) have been further characterized, which exhibit different spatiotemporal expression patterns during nodule development. LjαCA2 was expressed in the central infection zone of the mature nodule, including both infected and uninfected cells. LjαCA6 was restricted to the vascular bundle of the root and nodule. As for LjβCA1, it was expressed in most cell types of nodule primordia but only in peripheral cortical cells and uninfected cells of the mature nodule. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the knockout of LjβCA1 or both LjαCA2 and its homolog, LjαCA1, did not result in abnormal symbiotic phenotype compared with the wild-type plants, suggesting that LjβCA1 or LjαCA1/2 are not essential for the nitrogen fixation under normal symbiotic conditions. Nevertheless, the nodule-enhanced expression patterns and the diverse distributions in different types of cells imply their potential functions during root nodule symbiosis, such as CO₂ fixation, N assimilation, and pH regulation, which await further investigations.     

The thermostability, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of some vegetables subjected to different durations of boiling: Investigation in vitro

This research was performed in order to compare the water and acetone extracts of raw and boiled for 10, 20, 40 and 60 min Korean lotus roots (KLR) and Polish white onion (PWO) in the contents of their bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and thermostability.It was found that polyphenols (mg GAE/g), flavanols (μg GAE/g), flavonoids (mg CE/g), anthocyanins (mg CGE/kg) and tannins (mg CE/g) in water extract of raw lotus roots were 14.18 ± 0.7, 8.41 ± 0.5, 1.09 ± 0.06, 21.3 ± 1.2 and 7.29 ± 0.4, and of white onion - 11.11 ± 0.6, 6.78 ± 0.3, 0.71 ± 0.03, 17.00 ± 0.9 and 1.64 ± 0.08, respectively, and significantly higher in KLR (P < 0.05). The antioxidant activity of raw KLR water extract (139.4 ± 6.1, 53.1 ± 3.6 and 89.3 ± 4.6 μmol TE/g for DPPH, CUPRAC and ABTS, respectively) was significantly higher than in white onion (23.84 ± 1.8, 31.9 ± 2.1 and 38.14 ± 2.6 for DPPH, CUPRAC and ABTS, respectively, P < 0.05).The thermostability of the water KLR extract’s of polyphenols, flavanols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins was high and even after 60 min of boiling remains as 40.0, 42.3, 50.5, 41.4 and 41.0%, respectively. After 60 min of boiling the most thermostable compounds were flavonoids - remaining at 50.5% in water extract of KLR. Also after 60 min of boiling the thermostability of the antioxidant activity of water extracts of KLR remained significantly high: 40.6, 42.3, 46.3 and 43.6%, according to DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and CUPRAC assays, respectively.Similar relationship was obtained with acetone extracts, but the value was lower than with the water ones. In conclusion, the contents of some bioactive compounds, the antioxidant activity and the thermostability in water and acetone extracts of KLR are significantly higher than the same indices in PWO. FTIR and fluorimetry can be used as additional markers for the characterization of bioactive compounds in vegetables.     

原子荧光紧密内插法快速测定莲藕中砷的生物吸收比

目的 为建立一种快速测定莲藕中微量砷和生物吸收比的新型原子荧光法。方法 用微波辅助消解样品,用紧密内插法测定莲藕各组织和土壤中的砷。结果 结果表明：藕肉和藕节中砷的质量分数较小,藕皮和藕尖中砷的质量分数较大。各组织砷的生物吸收比为79.54%-22.03%,与国标法相比,通过显著性检验,方法之间没有显著性差异,结论的置信度为95%。结论 该法不需要绘制标准曲线和测定空白,快速简便,计算简单,具有一定的创新性和推广应用价值。