Multiresolution Visualization of Higher Order Adaptive Finite Element Simulations

h –p–adaptive projection with respect to any prescribed threshold value for the visual error. This projection can then be processed by various local rendering methods, e.g. color coding of data or isosurface extraction. Especially for color coding purposes modern texture capabilities are used to directly render higher polynomial data by superposition of polynomial basis function textures and final color look-up tables. Numerical experiments from CFD clearly demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of our approach. Received September 25, 2001; revised March 31, 2003 Published online: May 26, 2003 The authors acknowledge the valuable hints of the anonymous referees.     

On a batch arrival Poisson queue with a random setup time and vacation period

The single server queue with vacation has been extended to include several types of extensions and generalisations, to which attention has been paid by several researchers (e.g. see Doshi, B. T., Single server queues with vacations — a servey. Queueing Systems, 1986, 1, 29–66; Takagi, H., Queueing Analysis: A Foundation of Performance evaluation, Vol. 1, Vacation and Priority systems, Part. 1. North Holland, Amsterdam, 1991; Medhi, J., Extensions and generalizations of the classical single server queueing system with Poisson input. J. Ass. Sci. Soc., 1994, 36, 35–41, etc.). The interest in such types of queues have been further enhanced in resent years because of their theoretical structures as well as their application in many real life situations such as computer, telecommunication, airline scheduling as well as production/inventory systems. This paper concerns the model building of such a production/inventory system, where machine undergoes extra operation (such as machine repair, preventive maintenance, gearing up machinery, etc.) before the processing of raw material is to be started. To be realistic, we also assume that raw materials arrive in batch. This production system can be formulated as an M^x/M/1 queues with a setup time. Further, from the utility point of view of idle time this model can also be formulated as a case of multiple vacation model, where vacation begins at the end of each busy period. Besides, the production/inventory systems, such a model is generally fitted to airline scheduling problems also. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the steady state behavior of such an M^x/M/1 queueing system with a view to provide some system performance measures, which lead to remarkable simplification when solving other similar types of queueing models.This paper deals with the steady state behaviour of a single server batch arrival Poisson queue with a random setup time and a vacation period. The service of the first customer in each busy period is preceded by a random setup period, on completion of which service starts. As soon as the system becomes empty the server goes on vacation for a random length of time. On return from vacation, if he finds customer(s) waiting, the server starts servicing the first customer in the queue. Otherwise it takes another vacation and so on. We study the steady state behaviour of the queue size distribution at random (stationary) point of time as well as at departure point of time and try to show that departure point queue size distribution can be decomposed into three independent random variables, one of which is the queue size of the standard M^x/M/1 queue. The interpretation of the other two random variables will also be provided. Further, we derive analytically explicit expressions for the system state (number of customers in the system) probabilities and provide their appropriate interpretations. Also, we derive some system performance measures. Finally, we develop a procedure to find mean waiting time of an arbitrary customer.     

基于GSM短信息的智能温度监控系统的开发

介绍了一种以PIC系列单片机或个人电脑为控制核心的、基于GSM短信息的温度监控系统的硬件与软件设计。该系统采用了不同于一般TEXT或PDU的短信格式,具有更强的通用性和更好的可识别性。     

夹杂物在P/M镍基高温合金中的变形行为及对低周疲劳性能的影响

通过在 5 0～ 10 0 μm粒度范围FGH95合金粉末中预先加入夹杂物的方法 ,系统研究了5 0～ 5 0 0 μm有机和无机不同类型的夹杂物 ,经过热等静压和热等静压加锻造后的形态变化 ,及其与合金基体的相互作用特点 ,以及对P/M盘件径向试样低周疲劳寿命的影响。     

粉冶结构零件摆动杆的压模设计

详细介绍了粉末冶金摆动杆的压制模具结构。     

Investigation of physico-mechanical properties of ceramic oxide kernels for nuclear applications

In the present work, two different classes of oxide kernels were investigated: unirradiated thoria, urania and (Th,U)O₂ fuel kernels and low-density Al₂O₃ kernels for the incorporation of minor actinides. The physical mechanism of oxide kernel failure under uniaxial compression was investigated. A new method for determining the physico-mechanical properties of kernels has been developed and the parameters P_S and δ, characterising the level of stress required for destruction of the material structure and the brittleness of the investigated materials, respectively, were evaluated and discussed. It was shown that the value of P_S is analogous to traditional characteristics of material such as microhardness Hv. The `quantisation' effect was revealed in the kernel crushing strength and deformation distributions. The physico-mechanical properties of ceramic kernels (average particle size, microstructure, phase state, density, P_S and δ) were investigated and comparative analysis of different kernel types was performed. Additionally, the impact of annealing time on the properties of low-density Al₂O₃ kernels was examined.     

Preliminary results of post-irradiation examinations on LiSoR-2 test section

Liquid-solid reaction under irradiation (LiSoR) experiments are aimed at understanding the effects of liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) corrosion and embrittlement under irradiation on structural materials, which is one of the key items of the materials R&D for the future accelerator-driven system (ADS). The LiSoR setup is basically a LBE loop with a test section irradiated with 72 MeV protons. The second irradiation was conducted for about 34 h and terminated after a leakage of LBE was detected. Post-irradiation examinations (PIE) are being performed on both the tube and tensile specimen in the test section. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and microhardness tests have been completed. The results show that a crack formed in the irradiation zone of the tube. In the material in the irradiation zones of both the tube and the tensile specimen dislocation cell structure is well developed, which indicates heavy deformation due to thermal fatigue. The crack should start at the inner surface and propagate to the outer surface. The fracture surfaces of the crack are dominated by a brittle cleavage fracture mode. However, on the surfaces of the tensile specimen, no microcracks are observed.     

基于STEP-NC的自由曲面刀具路径生成术的研究

在详细地分析了STEP-NC程序相对于G/M代码差异及优越性的基础上,深入地对基于STEP-NC的CNC系统中关键技术——刀具路径生成技术进行了研究。本文以自由曲面为例,首先分析了自由曲面如何在STEP-NC程序的表述,然后从STEP-NC程序中提取有用的信息自动生成刀具路径,最后采用仿真来验证该方法的正确性。     

<Emphasis Type="Bold">A Rapid Manufacturing Method for Water-Saving Emitters for Crop Irrigation Based on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing</Emphasis>

In order to build the complex built-in labyrinth design of an emitter which is a key element in water-saving devices, rapid prototyping and manufacturing (RP&M) is used to design the emitters and to manufacture corresponding rapid tooling (RT). Detailed CAD design of the emitter, CAD process design, and the generation of RT process modelling of the emitter have been carried out using parameterised design. Prototypes have been built using RP techniques to perform the rapid verification and modification of the emitter design; rapid tooling (RT) for the emitter has been fabricated using a metal spraying process to carry out trial-production. Finally, with the fabrication ofa precision mould as the basis, emitter mould design and manufacturing have been completed. As a result, the integration of design/verification/manufacturing of a mould and its products is realised.     

热处理后粉末冶金制品碳含量的测定

介绍了热处理粉末冶金制品碳含量的测试结果。实验表明，为了保证所测得数据的可靠性，试样必须经过特殊的脱脂处理。还简要介绍了试样的脱脂方法。