The effectuation of seawater on the microstructural features and the compressive strength of fly ash blended cement at early and later ages

The current work scrutinizes the effectuation of seawater on morphological properties, pore structure, and compressive strength during the hydration process of fly ash blended cement at 3, 7, 28, 56, and 90 days to better understand the influence of salinity conditions of seawater on the microstructural modification and strength development of the hydration products as well as the total porosity. The chemical reaction's mechanism of mightily soluble salts, for example, Mg₂SO₄ and NaCl, with hydrated fly ash and blended cement (calcium-bearing phases) was also confirmed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy has been appointed to observe and characterize the energetics of variation in the formulation of portlandite (CH), calcium silicate hydrate, gypsum (Gy), ettringite (AFt), and calcium chloroaluminate (Friedel's salt [FS]) throughout the hydration process of fly ash blended cement with seawater in comparison with deionized water. X-ray diffraction analysis exposed that the peak intensities of FS, portlandite, and some particular phases of the hydrated fly ash blended cement in seawater are higher and sharper than the comparable peaks in deionized water. Mercury intrusion porosimetry-measurements have been appointed that the total porosity of artificial seawater (ASW) was decreased from 28.9% at 3 days to 19.4% at 56 days. In addition, the average, median, and critical pore diameter were decreased in ASW while compared to deionized water (DIW). The reaction products of this work were also characterized using scanning electron microscopy, EDS, compressive strength, and isothermal calorimeter.     

MIP技术加工加氢渣油的优势分析

对以加氢渣油为原料的工业MIP装置与常规FCC装置的液体产品收率与产品性质进行对比分析。结果表明：与常规FCC技术相比,MIP技术即使在加氢渣油原料性质略差时,其液体产品收率仍提高1.35～3.23百分点,汽油收率较高,油浆产率较低;而且所产汽油的硫含量低、烯烃含量较低、辛烷值较高。MIP技术具有独特的串联双反应区反应系统,重油转化能力高,汽油品质好,在加工加氢渣油时比常规FCC技术更有优势。     

MIP技术在催化裂化装置上的应用

延长集团永坪炼油厂的原料油属于典型的石蜡基原料,其氢含量和饱和烃含量较高。采用MIP技术后,装置的总液体产品(液化气+汽油+柴油)产率达到了84.32%,汽油烯烃体积分数为32.1%,辛烷值RON为90,汽油产率达52.02%。表明MIP技术对于陕北油矿石蜡基原料不仅可以得到高液体收率,而且可以生产出优良的汽油产品。     

MIP系列技术节能减排先进性分析

对已运行的33套MIP装置的能耗、汽油性质和产物分布进行统计与分析。结果表明,相对于FCC技术,MIP系列技术降低装置加工能耗约为330~425 MJ/t,由原料油升温热和反应热减少所造成的装置能耗降低约在215.47~ 336.14 MJ/t之间,并且明显降低汽油烯烃、硫含量和苯含量,从而减少有害物质的排放。到目前为止,MIP系列工艺处理量已达到70.00Mt/a以上,每年可以多生产出1.092Mt/a的有价值的液体产品,少生产出0.3548Mt/a焦炭,相当于减少二氧化碳的排放量约为1.30Mt/a。     

MIP Technology for Pruduction of Euro IV Clean Gasoline II. Correlation Model of Sulfur Content of MIP Naphtha and Its Application

On the basis of the reaction rules and its influencing factors of sulfur compounds in MIP naphtha, a correlation model for describing the correlation between mass fraction of sulfur in MIP naphtha, mass fraction of sulfur in feedstock and volume fraction of olefin in naphtha was developed and the model's parameters were estimated. The residual error distribution and statistical study showed that the developed model was reasonable and reliable and able to predict the mass fraction of sulfur compounds in naphtha. The correlation model can provide theoretical guidance and operation base for adjusting process parameters to produce EURO IV gasoline by the MIP units. The model was validated by its application on the MIP unit of Qingdao Refining & Chemical Company. On this unit, the tail oil with low sulfur content obtained via hydrotreating gas oil was used as the feedstock and the olefin content of naphtha was reduced by promoting hydrogen transfer reaction through adjustment of process parameters. Thus, EURO IV clean gasoline was manufactured by this MIP unit.     

催化裂化提升管反应器噎塞事故的处理和预防

介绍了催化裂化装置最大化生产异构烷烃改造以后操作中出现的噎塞现象,分析了发生噎塞的主要原因在于加工负荷小、反应深度低、提升介质少、再生催化剂的微反活性低,造成了提升管向上的推动力不够,在第二反应区藏量较多时,推动力小于阻力,产生噎塞。指出避免发生噎塞的主要措施有控制提升管底部提升介质、加工量、原料性质、反应深度、第二反应区藏量、催化剂活性和粒度以及保证第二反应区线速在5m/s以上等。     

多产异构烷烃催化裂化工艺MIP的影响因素分析

以催化裂化降烯烃工艺MIP（多产异构烷烃催化裂化工艺）在中国石油化工股份有限公司安庆分公司催化裂化装置上的应用为背景,对装置在不同操作条件、催化荆和原料下的运行情况进行研究和分析,找出了MIP工艺应用中影响催化裂化汽油烯烃含量的主要因素：提升管第一、二反应区温度,催化剂性能,原料性质,第二反应区催化剂藏量和反应空速。     

MIP工艺技术在催化装置的应用

对多产异构烷烃（MIP）工艺技术在中石化集团茂名分公司2＃催化装置的应用、改造后效果以及存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

基于MIP的WiMax终端退网研究

针对WiMax网络架构标准中CMIP下的终端异常退网问题,介绍WiMax标准的体系架构及移动IP协议,研究现有CMIP/PMIP模式下终端的退网和资源释放情况,在此基础上,设计并实现一种新的解决方案,将检测终端异常退网和发起终端退网流程的决策权交给接入网关。对其进行测试,结果表明,该方案既可解决CMIP模式下终端异常退网时不能及时进行资源释放以及用户计费等问题,也适合终端正常退网和PMIP模式下的异常退网等情形。     

D-对羟基苯甘氨酸分子印迹聚合物的制备及分子识别能力

以D-对羟基苯甘氨酸（D-HPG）为模板分子,以丙烯酰胺（AM）和α-甲基丙烯酸（MAA）为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,合成了D-HPG分子印迹聚合物,并测定其对D-HPG的识别能力。静态吸附实验表明,以MAA为功能单体制备的分子印迹聚合物具有更强的分子识别能力,其饱和吸附量达43.9 μmol•g^-1,印迹因子α为3.6。分子力学计算表明,MAA与D-HPG形成复合物的结合能较大,且MAA在乙醇和水中的溶剂化能较小,因此与AM比较,MAA和模板分子D-HPG在乙醇和水中能形成更加稳定的复合物。紫外光谱分析表明,MAA与D-HPG之间的结合力比AM与D-HPG之间的结合力要强,与分子力学计算以及静态吸附实验得到的结果相一致。