基于AVR单片机的门禁控制器的设计与实现

介绍了一种基于ATmegal6单片机控制的门禁控制系统的硬件和软件设计方法,该系统以直流电机为执行器;系统首先对光电编码器的脉冲信号进行采样,经ATmega16单片机中PID算法处理后产生PWM信号驱动直流电机,以此实现对控制门禁的开关时序和转速的调节控制;同时又有外连设备可供用户根据实际需要来改变系统参数,达到最合理配置;实验结果表明,该方法可以在生产中推广应用.     

Stress singularity analysis in the restorations of premolar class ii cavities

Abstract

This paper presents the singular stress analysis near the apex of a structure formed during dental restoration of a premolar class II cavity. Based on the elasticity theory, the stresses may go to infinity at the junctions of different materials (e.g. dentine, enamel, restoration materials). Tensions will cause material separation and then material fracture. In order to reduce the failure probability, the degree of stress concentration has to be reduced. The stress singularity order and the stress intensity factor are two parameters, which are often used in fracture analysis. The objective of this paper is to find conditions such that non‐singular stress fields are possible. Three critical positions in the restoration structure are discussed.

They are the tips of interface between (1) enamel and restoration; (2) dentine and restoration; and (3) enamel, dentine and restoration. In the last two cases, the restoration may be bonded or debonded to enamel or dentine. After employing Kolosov‐Muskhelishvili complex functions together with the eigenfunction expansion method, the singularity orders are computed theoretically. Weak stress singularity conditions can be sought by properly selecting cutting angles or restoration materials.     

Optimization of substrates for Bioelectricity production by Ochrobactrum pseudintermedium KF026284 in a single chambered microbial fuel cell

A new strain of bacterium Ochrobactrum pseudintermedium KF026284 was isolated from a single chambered microbial fuel cell operated with rumen fluid. The bacterium produced maximum power density of 114 mW/m² (0.7 V, 0.6 mA) when nutrient broth was used as the growth medium. The optimization of electricity generation by O. pseudintermedium KF026284 was carried out using various substrates like cellulose, cellobiose, starch, sucrose, and glucose. The bacterium when fed with cellobiose showed an appreciable and sustainable electricity generation with a power density of 150 mW/m² from the 5th day and a maximum power density of 247 mW/m² on the 11th day.     

A study of external mass transfer effect on biodegradation of phenol using low‐density polyethylene immobilized Bacillus flexus GS1 IIT (BHU) in a packed bed bioreactor

The impact of external mass transport on the biodegradation rate of phenol in a packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) was studied. A potential bacterial species, Bacillus flexus GS1 IIT (BHU), was isolated from the petroleum‐contaminated soil. Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) immobilized with the B. flexus GS1 IIT (BHU) was used as packing material in the PBBR. The PBBR was operated by varying the inlet feed flow rate from 4 to 10 mL/min, and the corresponding degradation rate coefficients were found to be in the range of 0.119–0.157 L/g h. In addition, the highest removal rate of phenol was obtained to be 1.305 mg/g h at an inlet feed rate of 10 mL/min. The external mass transfer was studied using the model . A new empirical correlation for the biodegradation of phenol in the PBBR was developed after the evaluation at various values of K and n.     

基于STM32在喷绘机喷头控制系统的设计与实现

选取STM32系列STM32F103RBT6作为喷头的主控制系统,将24c16EEPROM作为外部存储器,通过I2C通信机制传送喷头T-V数据和配置数据,借助UART或128x64LCD达到人机交互。经过理论分析和软硬件结合测试,验证了该喷头控制系统的可行性和方便性。     

银屑病患者肠道菌群多样性分析:单中心前瞻性研究

目的探讨银屑病患者与健康人群肠道菌群多样性的差异。方法收集2017年5月至2018年6月间在中国医学科学院皮肤病研究所住院治疗的银屑病患者(银屑病组)及同期本院健康体检人群(健康组)的新鲜粪便标本,分析受试者相关临床资料。提取肠道菌群DNA,采用16S r DNA基因扩增和Illumina平台双端2×300策略测序,基于Gold数据库按>97%的相似性聚类操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU),对照Silva数据库进行物种注释及分类,各层级样本采用轶和检验分析物种差异; QIIME软件计算α多样性主要指数、β多样性分析,t检验分析指数差异,P<0. 05为差异有统计学意义。相关研究结果通过R及GraphPad Prism作图展示。结果符合入选和排除标准的11例银屑病患者及21例健康对照者入选本研究,两组研究对象的性别构成比、年龄和体质量指数无统计学差异(P均>0. 05)。DNA测序分析显示样本测序覆盖深度> 0. 99。银屑病组肠道菌群的OTU数量(278. 18±89. 75比722. 95±152. 81,t=10. 36,P<0. 01)、赵氏指数(433. 38±147. 47比1156. 08±292. 50,t=9. 291,P<0. 01)、香农指数(3. 56±0. 87比5. 73±0. 78,t=6. 972,P<0. 01)和辛普森指数(0. 79±0. 15比0. 94±0. 04,t=3. 287,P <0. 01)均显著低于健康组。RankAbundance曲线显示银屑病组肠道菌群均匀程度较低。PCoA分析(unweighted)显示银屑病组与健康组在第一主成分(24. 35%)可显著分离,Weighted Uni Frac分析可见银屑病组混杂在健康样本中无法区分,且与银屑病亚型无关。样本聚类分析显示,银屑病组肠道菌群与健康组有一定重叠性,银屑病样本特异性菌群少;在门层级,健康组中可检测到TM7,相对丰度为0. 000 066 9 (0. 000 033 4～0. 000 200 5),而银屑病组仅在个别样本中显示有微量存在,相对丰度为0(P<0. 05);在属层级,银屑病组双歧杆菌属[0. 000 033 4 (0. 000 016 7～0. 000 100 3)比0. 000 401 1 (0. 000 200 5～0. 001 337 0)]、布劳特氏菌属[0. 000 467 9 (0. 000 183 8～0. 000 434 5)比0. 002 206 0 (0. 000 935 9～0. 005 582 0)]、粪球菌属[0. 000 033 4 (0～0. 000 401 1)比0. 000 902 5 (0. 000 334 2～0. 005 315 0)]较健康组显著降低,健康组中的戴阿利斯特杆菌属和嗜血菌属仅在银屑病组个别样本中微量存在,克雷伯氏杆菌属在健康组和银屑病组个别样本中存在,但在银屑病组的相对丰度更低,接近0 (P均<0. 05)。个体样本高丰度菌群分析显示,银屑病组个别样本中多糖及短链脂肪酸代谢相关菌群的相对丰度降低。结论银屑病患者肠道菌群多样性低于健康人群。     

A highly efficient method for concentrating DNA from river water by combined coagulation and foam separation

ABSTRACT

Both Escherichia coli and Enterococci were collected in foam within 7 min from 500 mL of bacteria-spiked water by coagulation and foam separation using ferric chloride and milk casein. These bacterial DNA isolated in the 100 µL of extract from the foam more than 87.5% recovery using the DNeasy PowerWater® Kit. To test this method with water from three natural rivers, 0.67–2.70 µg of DNA were concentrated in 100 µL of extract from 1,000 mL of river water. When the DNA extract was subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, information on the bacterial flora could be obtained.     

Cultivable bacterial diversity and amylase production in three typical Daqus of Chinese spirits

Both culture‐dependent method and molecular technique were firstly used to simultaneously investigate the cultivable bacterial diversity and amylase production in three typical Daqus of Chinese spirits. The results showed that both cultivable bacterial diversity and amylase production were obviously different. The species of nine bacteria from Deshan, nine from Baisha and six from Wuling Daqus were identified. The total bacterial strains of 17, 15 and 14, and 9, 16 and 10 could produce α‐amylase and glucoamylase, respectively, from the Daqus, and the enzyme yields were different. Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens not only were dominant bacteria in the Daqus, but also possessed high activities of α‐amylase and glucoamylase. By comparison, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus oleronius were found to be another predominant bacterial species and good producers of α‐amylase and glucoamylase in Deshan and Wuling Daqus, respectively.     

Electricity generation and microbial community structure of air-cathode microbial fuel cells powered with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and inoculated with different seeds

The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), normally exceeding 60% of the waste stream in developing countries, could constitute a valuable source of feed for microbial fuel cells (MFCs). This study tested the start-up of two sets of OFMSW-fed air-cathode MFCs inoculated with wastewater sludge or cattle manure. The maximum power density obtained was 123 ± 41 mW m⁻² in the manure-seeded MFCs and 116 ± 29 mW m⁻² in the wastewater-seeded MFCs. Coulombic efficiencies ranged between 24 ± 5% (manure-seeded MFCs) and 23 ± 2% (wastewater-seeded MFCs). Chemical oxygen demand removal was >86% in all the MFCs and carbohydrate removal >98%. Microbial community analysis using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing demonstrated the dominance of the phylum Firmicutes (67%) on the anode suggesting the possible role of members of this phylum in electricity generation. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the microbial community structure in replicate MFCs converged regardless of the inoculum source. This study demonstrates efficient electricity production coupled with organic treatment in OFMSW-fueled MFCs inoculated with manure or wastewater.