基于超像素与半监督的岩石图像分割与识别

岩石薄片图像的分析往往依赖于专业人员在显微镜下观察并给出鉴定结果,不但费时费力,并且受设备限制影响较大。近些年,针对于薄片图像的自动识别方法已经被提出,然而这些方法大多采用监督学习与深度学习相结合的方式,进而受限于大量人工标注,为方法的推广与应用带来了巨大困难。此外模型在不同的地层、岩性等目标应用时,其泛化性也因此受到极大限制。本文针对该问题提出了一种超像素算法SLIC与半监督自训练结合的方法,仅依靠6%的人工标注便能够实现岩石图像的自动化分割与组分识别,极大的增强该方法在实际应用中的价值。该方法首先使用超像素算法SLIC对岩石图像进行预分割,随后基于分割片的颜色特征进行粗合并,并根据最小外接矩形进行切割;切割下来的岩石组分分割图像作为后续处理的基础数据集,这里仅需要人工标注6%的岩石组分数据;随后这些数据通过一个改进的半监督自训练方法,以改进的VGG16模型作为主模型、ResNet18模型作为评判模型,不断生成高置信度的伪标签,利用迭代优化调整,将其扩展到整个数据集,最终获得一个具有较高的稳定性、准确性以及一致性的组分识别模型。通过实际数据的测试与分析,本文所提出SLIC和半监督自训练结合的方法,对6类岩石组分的识别准确率可达到96%。该方法能够在数据差异不大的条件下,帮助用户基本实现自动化的组分识别。而当数据集产生较大差异时,仅需标注少量部分样品即可实现自动的组分识别。通过理论验证与实际数据测试,本方法具有较高的泛化性和可靠性,能够在实际应用提供足够的准确性与便利性。     

WNT16B from Ovarian Fibroblasts Induces Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells through β-Catenin Signal in Dendritic Cells

Treatment for cancer can induce a series of secreted factors into the tumor microenvironment, which can affect cancer progression. Wingless-type MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus) integration site 16B (WNT16B) is a new member of the WNT family and has been reported to play growth-related roles in previous studies. In this study, we found WNT16B could be expressed and secreted into the microenvironment by human ovarian fibroblasts after DNA damage-associated treatment, including chemotherapy drugs and radiation. We also demonstrated that fibroblast-derived WNT16B could result in accumulation of β-catenin in dendritic cells and secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which contributed to the differentiation of regulatory T cells in a co-culture environment. These results shed light on the roles of WNT16B in immune regulation, especially in regard to cancer treatment.     

A highly efficient method for concentrating DNA from river water by combined coagulation and foam separation

ABSTRACT

Both Escherichia coli and Enterococci were collected in foam within 7 min from 500 mL of bacteria-spiked water by coagulation and foam separation using ferric chloride and milk casein. These bacterial DNA isolated in the 100 µL of extract from the foam more than 87.5% recovery using the DNeasy PowerWater® Kit. To test this method with water from three natural rivers, 0.67–2.70 µg of DNA were concentrated in 100 µL of extract from 1,000 mL of river water. When the DNA extract was subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, information on the bacterial flora could be obtained.     

Some concerns regarding the CAT16 chromatic adaptation transform

In recent literature, a new chromatic adaptation transform, CAT16, has been published to improve upon the widely used CAT02 model. The CAT16 model is based on the form of the CAT02 transform adopted in CIECAM02, but uses a slightly different sensor space to fix some gamut problems plaguing CIECAM02 and adopts a two-step CAT to ensure symmetry and transitivity. CAT16 is included in CAM16 but is also being promoted as a stand-alone CAT, one that can be used outside of the CAM16 model. However, the use of CAT16 as a stand-alone model can cause inconsistencies in the calculated corresponding colors due to the presence of the relative luminance of the adapting white (Y_w) in the von Kries-Ives gain control factors. Such inconsistencies are not present for the stand-alone version of the CAT02 model, which, unlike the version adopted in CIECAM02, does not include the Y_w factors. CAT16 should therefore be modified by omitting the Y_w factors. In this article, we will briefly discuss these issues in more detail and provide a consistent two-step CAT adopting the CAT16 sensor space.     

16Mn钢在3％氯化钠水溶液中的阴极保护及其氢脆敏感性

本文用失重法和慢应变率法确定16Mn钢在3％氯化钠水溶液中适宜阴极保护电位区间,用扫描电镜观察慢应变拉伸断口形貌。结果表明:16Mn钢在3％氯化钠水溶液中适宜阴极保护电位区间是:-775mVSCE——-900mVSCE。阴极过保护电位下,16Mn钢将发生以沿晶脆断为特征的氢脆,而且保护电位越负,其氢脆敏感性越大。     

抗车辙剂掺量对AC-16沥青混合料路用性能的影响

本文以提高沥青混合料的高温抗车辙能力为出发点,研究抗车辙剂掺量对AC-16级配沥青混合料路用性能的影响.通过一系列的室内试验对不同抗车辙剂掺量(0、0.2％、0.3％、0.4％、0.5％、0.6％) AC-16级配沥青混合料的高温稳定性能、低温性能、水稳定性能进行评价.试验结果说明:抗车辙剂能明显提高AC-16沥青混合料的高温稳定性,同时能在一定程度上改善AC-16沥青混合料低温抗裂性和水稳定性.通过对不同抗车辙剂掺量方案进行综合评价,得出抗车辙剂的最佳掺量为0.4％.     

11α hydroxylation of 16α, 17‐epoxyprogesterone in biphasic ionic liquid/water system by Aspergillus ochraceus

BACKGROUND: The improved efficiency of steroid biotransformation using the biphasic system is generally attributed to the positive effect on the solubility of substrate in aqueous media. A promising alternative for the application of organic solvents in biphasic systems is the use of ionic liquids (ILs). This study aims to investigate the applicability of the biphasic ILs/water system for 11α hydroxylation of 16α, 17‐epoxyprogesterone (HEP) by Aspergillus ochraceus. RESULTS: Of the seven ILs tested, [C₃mim][PF₆] exhibited the best biocompatibility, with markedly improved biotransformation efficiency. In the [C₃mim][PF₆]‐based biphasic system, substrate conversion reached 90% under the condition in which buffer pH, volume ratio of buffer to ILs, cell concentration, and substrate concentration were 4.8, 10/1, 165 g L^?1 and 20 g L^?1, respectively. This is more efficient than that of the monophasic aqueous system. The effects of the cations and anions of these ILs on the 11α hydroxylation of 16α, 17‐epoxyprogesterone (HEP) by A. ochraceus is also discussed. CONCLUSION: The above results showed that IL/water biphasic system improved the efficiency of 11α hydroxylation of 16α, 17‐epoxyprogesterone (HEP) by A. ochraceus, thus suggesting the potential industrial application of ILs‐based biphasic systems for steroid biotransformation. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

FC-16B催化剂在加氢裂化装置上的应用

介绍了中国石油大庆石化公司炼油厂加氢裂化装置概况、主要技术特点及工艺流程,探讨了装置开工过程,包括催化剂的装填、干燥、硫化、钝化、原料油切换等的各个主要节点,并通过标定对FC-16B催化剂的处理能力、操作参数、物料平衡、产品收率、装置能耗及设备运行状况进行考察。标定和运行结果表明,FC-16B催化剂性能良好,对原料适应性强,加工方案灵活,产品质量优良且分布合理,液体收率、加工损失率都在指标要求范围内,能耗远低于设计指标。     

16%四螨·哒螨灵WP防治苹果树红蜘蛛药效试验

为了研究16%四螨·哒螨灵WP防治苹果树红蜘蛛的应用技术,进行了田间药效试验。结果表明:16%四螨·哒螨灵WP 89～114 mg/kg,药后2,7,10 d对苹果树红蜘蛛的防效分别为89.42%～94.25%、93.15%～95.81%、95.71%～96.13%,略优于单剂15%哒螨灵EC的防效92.44%、81.06%、89.70%,显著优于单剂20%四螨嗪SC的防效62.03%、75.00%、76.65%。在苹果树红蜘蛛发生期,采用16%四螨.哒螨灵WP 89～114 mg/kg喷雾防治,能有效控制其危害。