粉煤灰中元素种态分布的研究

采用DFJ-1型5段分级采样器，对粉煤灰中不同粒径颗粒物中常量元素和微量元素的组成和化学形态进行了分析。应用ICP-AES、ICP-MS法测定了各形态中元素的含量。计算了元素在各种形态中的分配比例。结果表明，对人体危害较大的微量元素主要富集在小于2．0μm的细颗粒上，Mn、Zn、Cu和Co主要分布在氧化态、水可溶态、碳酸盐态和有机态中，Pb和V主要分布在不溶态中。     

南果梨果心挥发性成分的分析

用同时蒸馏萃取装置(SDE)提取南果梨果心挥发性成分，测得南果梨果心中挥发性成分的含量为0．25％，用GC／MS法从南果梨果心挥发性成分中分离并确认出50种化学成分，用峰面积归一法通过G1710BA化学站数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发性成分中的百分含量，其中主要成分为依兰烯(29．78％)，2，6一二甲基-6-(4-甲基-3-丙烯基)双环[3．1．1]庚-2-烯(9．53％)，1-甲基-4-(5-甲基-1-甲烯基-4-己基)环己烯(6．43％)等，占总检出量的80．66％。     

沱茶中茶多酚的分析与鉴定

用索氏提取器以三氯甲烷为萃取剂,在95 ℃下从沱茶中提取茶多酚。用旋转蒸发器将滤液浓缩,有机相中加入三氯甲烷(V(三氯甲烷):V(浓缩液)=3:1)将咖啡因萃取分离、去除。水相中加入乙酸乙脂(V(乙酸乙酯):V(水)=3:1)将沱茶提取物萃取分离。以硅胶G作填充剂,以乙酸乙酯(V(乙酸乙酯):V(乙醚)=4:1)为洗脱剂进行柱层析。用傅里立变换-红外光谱法(FT/IR)测定沱茶提取物待测组分的红外光谱图,提供官能团的有关信息。确定待测组分的可能结构;应用气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)对其进行分析与鉴定,由电子电离源质谱(EI/MS)获得待测组分的质谱图和相关数据,进而对子离子裂解途径和特征离子进行辅助解析,确证待测组分为茶多酚。为开发利用沱茶提供了科学依据。     

液相色谱技术及液质联用技术在食品及农产品残留检测中的应用

讨论液相色谱相关技术及其在残留分析中的应用。介绍了用于样品前处理的固相提取技术（SPE）、液相色谱技术（HPLC）、液质联用技术（LC／MS）的特点，及其在食品及农产品中兽药、农药及毒素类有毒有害物质残留分析中的应用。     

Direct-EI in LC-MS: towards a universal detector for small-molecule applications

This review article will give an up-to-date and exhaustive overview on the efficient use of electron ionization (EI) to couple liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with an innovative interface called Direct-EI. EI is based on the gas-phase ionization of the analytes, and it is suitable for many applications in a wide range of LC-amenable compounds. In addition, thanks to its operating principles, it prevents unwelcome matrix effects (ME). In fact, although atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methodologies have boosted the use of LC-MS, the related analytical methods are sometime affected by inaccurate quantitative results, due to unavoidable and unpredictable ME. In addition, API's soft ionization spectra always demand for costly and complex tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) instruments, which are essential to acquire an "information-rich" spectrum and to obtain accurate quantitative information. In EI a one-stage analyzer is sufficient for a qualitative investigation and MS/MS detection is only used to improve sensitivity and to cut chemical noise. The technology illustrated here provides a robust and straightforward access to classical, well-characterized EI data for a variety of LC applications, and readily interpretable spectra for a wide range of areas of research. The Direct-EI interface can represent the basis for a forthcoming universal LC-MS detector for small molecules.     

灌冠红梅子挥发性化学成分的GC/MS分析

将灌冠红梅子根的乙醇提取物用甲醇溶解，加水，用石油醚萃取，采用GC/MS法进行分析。以峰面积归一化法计算各化合物在挥发油中的相对含量，共鉴定出个22化学成分，占总体含量的 98.32%。主要成分有4-甲基-2-乙基己烷（14.79%）、反式-1-甲氧基-1-丁烯（13.41%）、2,3,3-三甲基己烷（10.24%）、(1-甲氧基-1-戊基)环丙烷（10.22%）、N,N-二甲基叔丁基胺(9.23%)、环己烷（8.55%）、1,1-二甲氧基-2-丁炔（6.34%）、2-甲基-2-乙基环氧乙烷（6.25%）、庚烷（4.38%）、正十一烷（3.6%）、1-碘正十四烷（2.6%）。     

Rapid and Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Quantification of Glycyrrhetic Acid in Human Plasma

A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) for the determination of glycyrrhetic acid in human plasma with ginsenoside Rh2 as internal standard was developed and validated. The plasma samples were prepared via liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Venusil MP-C18(50 mm×2.1 mm, 5μm i.d.) column at 25℃. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate(10:90, volume ratio) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Negative electrospray ionization was utilized as the ionization source. Glycyrrhetic acid and internal standard were determined via the mutiple reaction monitoring of precursor→production ion transitions at m/z 469→425, 409 and m/z 621→161,respectively. Each sample was chromatographed within 2.5 min. The lower limit of uantification was 0.50 ng/mL for 200 μL of plasma sample and the linear range was from 0.50 ng/mL to 800 ng/mL. The intra-and inter-day precisions were less than 8.76% in terms of relative standard deviation(RSD), and the accuracy was within a range of -3.25%-1.32% in terms of relative error(RE). The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of glycyrrhetic acid in healthy male Chinese volunteers after a single oral administration of 75 mg of glycyrrhizin.     

GC/MS分析铝箔轧制基础油组成

用GC／MS技术分析铝箔轧制基础油,得到了基础油的组成成分。并提出了采用计算机检索和参考标准物质的相对保留时间,结合各物质的物理化学性质的方法来解析石油产品色谱图。     

电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定高温合金中痕量砷

高温合金中Co含量较高,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定高温合金中As时,⁵⁹Co¹⁶O⁺会严重干扰As的分析,这一直是ICP-MS测定高温合金中痕量As的研究难点。在串联四极杆(MS/MS)模式下向碰撞/反应池内通入O₂,设置一级质量过滤器(Q1)m/z=75,⁷⁵As⁺可以与O₂反应生成⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺,而干扰离子不能与O₂发生反应,将二级质量过滤器(Q2)设置为m/z=91,仅⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺通过并被检测器检测,从而避免了⁵⁹Co¹⁶O⁺的质谱干扰。据此,建立了电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法(ICP-MS/MS)测定高温合金中痕量As的方法。采用As质量浓度为1.000 ng/mL、Co质量浓度为1.000~1 000 μg/mL的系列标准溶液考察了单四极杆和MS/MS两种模式下Co对As测定的质谱干扰。结果表明,在MS/MS模式下,As的回收率均在100%左右,这说明在MS/MS质量转移模式下,采用O₂为反应气,通过两次质量选择,可以成功消除Co基体带来的严重干扰。对O₂流速进行了优化,选择O₂流速为0.375 mL/min。方法线性范围为1.00~100 ng/mL,线性相关系数为1.000 0,检出限为0.006 7 μg/g,定量限为0.023 μg/g。选择纯钴标准样品为测定对象,按照实验方法对其中As进行测定,并进行加标回收试验,回收率在96%~102%之间。采用所建立的方法对镍基高温合金标准物质和高温合金样品中As进行测定,测定结果分别与认定值或原子荧光光谱法测定值基本一致,实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.6%～2.8%。     

四硝基并哌嗪的催化热分解及机理研究

采用高压差示扫描量热法(PDSC)、热重分析法(TGA)和快速扫描傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR),研究了四硝基并哌嗪(TNAD)的热分解机理,并采用FT-IR技术和TG/MS(质谱)联用分析了TNAD热分解过程的凝聚相变化,确认其热分解机理与化学反应过程。研究表明,在1MPa压力下TNAD的分解过程较简单,无熔融吸热峰出现,属固相分解,主要放热峰出现在212.5～251.7℃。NTO-Pb、TNAD/φ-Pb、β-Cu和AD-Cu等铅铜盐对TNAD的催化作用明显,都能使其热分解反应提前,相比之下,β-Cu和NTO-Pb催化效果更好。炭黑、Al_2O_3、Al等添加剂对TNAD起到稀释作用,缓和了分解放热过程,可起到稳定燃烧的作用。TNAD热分解主要有2个历程,分解过程中产生的主要气体产物为HCHO、NO、HCN和-C2_H_2、-CHO等碎片离子。