Response of Different Genotypes of Faba Bean Plant to Drought Stress

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that are a threat to crop production worldwide. Drought stress impairs the plants growth and yield. Therefore, the aim of the present experiment was to select the tolerant genotype/s on the basis of moprpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of 10 Vicia faba genotypes (Zafar 1, Zafar 2, Shebam, Makamora, Espan, Giza Blanka, Giza 3, C4, C5 and G853) under drought stress. We studied the effect of different levels of drought stress i.e., (i) normal irrigation (ii) mild stress (iii) moderate stress, and (iv) severe stress on plant height (PH) plant⁻¹, fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) plant⁻¹, area leaf⁻¹, leaf relative water content (RWC), proline (Pro) content, total chlorophyll (Total Chl) content, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content, and activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of genotypes of faba bean. Drought stress reduced all growth parameters and Total Chl content of all genotypes. However, the deteriorating effect of drought stress on the growth performance of genotypes “C5” and “Zafar 1” were relatively low due to its better antioxidant enzymes activities (CAT, POD and SOD), and accumulation of Pro and Total Chl, and leaf RWC. In the study, genotype “C5” and “Zafar 1” were found to be relatively tolerant to drought stress and genotypes “G853” and “C4” were sensitive to drought stress.     

复合材料RTM成型工艺参数的研究

对树脂传递模塑(RTM)成型工艺进行了具体的研究,对所得制品进行了力学性能测试,并研究分析了不同注胶温度和注胶压力对制品力学性能的影响.证明了RTM工艺过程中注胶压力越小,树脂对纤维的浸润也越充分,制品的力学性能也相应的较好.提高注胶温度在使树脂粘度降低的同时也不利于RTM工艺的排气,从而影响制品的力学性能.     

Surface and Biological Activity of Some Prepared Iminium Surfactants Based on Schiff Bases

A series of novel iminium surfactants were prepared through quaternization of different prepared fatty Schiff bases with benzyl chloride. The chemical structures were confirmed using FTIR, ¹H-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The surface properties and biological activity of these surfactants were investigated. The surface parameters including critical micelle concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess (Γ_max) and minimum surface area (A _min), Efficiency (PC₂₀) and Effectiveness (π_CMC) as well as the free energy of micellization ( $ \Updelta G_{\text{mic}}^{\text{o}} $ ) and adsorption ( $ \Updelta G_{\text{ads}}^{\text{o}} $ ) were calculated. It was found that the prepared compounds have good surface and biological activity.     

低酸催化水解稻草制备腐植酸的工艺研究

试验采用低酸催化水解工艺,从稻草中提取腐植酸.根据单因素试验设计,通过测定水解过程中稻草纤维素转化率和腐植酸产率的变化指标,来寻求较佳工艺参数.结果表明,初始阶段反应条件为温度220℃、0.1%硫酸溶液、固液比1∶12、压力4 MPa、转速300 r/min、时间20 min,将反应釜的反应条件调整为温度70℃、转速3...     

Studies on urethane–allophanate networks based on hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene: Modeling of network parameters and correlation to mechanical properties

Hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)‐based allophanate–urethane networks were prepared by reacting HTPB with di‐isocyanates, such as toluene–di‐isocyanate (TDI), isophorone–di‐isocyanate (IPDI), and 4,4′‐di(socyanatocyclohexyl)methane (H₁₂MDI) at stoichiometric ratios (r‐values) ranging from 1.0 to 1.5. The networks were characterized for mechanical and swell properties. The network parameters, such as “X,” which is the fraction of urethane groups involved in the allophanate formation, and effective chain length (L_x) were calculated from experimental crosslink density values determined from swell data, using α‐model equations developed by Marsh. Excellent linear correlations were obtained between mechanical properties and the calculated network parameters. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2986–2994, 2006     

电极沥青粘结剂性能评价参数相关性的研究

以两个国外电极沥青粘结剂产品为参考样,选用典型国产原料以热化学改质法和调和法制备出工业分析指标与参考样处于同一水平的两组煤沥青粘结剂试样;对各组粘结剂试样和相应的参考样的元素组成、流变学性质、热动态行为、平均分子量及其分布以及各评价参数间的相关性进行了研究;就引入与其应用性能直接相关的评价因子的可能性进行了探索。     

Bubble size effect on low liquid input drift-flux parameters

We investigated the effect of bubble size on the drift-flux parameters at low liquid flow conditions by measuring the radial profiles of void fraction and phase velocities in a vertical bubbly pipe flow of diameter and height . To study the effect of the bubble size we used two different types of bubble inlets. We measured the local bubble fraction and velocity U_g by using single and four-point-optical fibre probes, and we used Laser Doppler Anemometry to determine the liquid velocity U_l. The distribution parameter C₀ and the weighted mean drift velocity |U_drift| were directly computed from the local measurements at a height on our experimental set-up. Both parameters were influenced by the bubble size. Provided no liquid flow reversal occurred at the near wall region, the distribution parameter reached a below unity minimum plateau value of C₀=0.95 for wall peaking void fraction profiles. At low liquid input conditions both the liquid input and bubble size had an influence on the distribution parameter. Extreme values such as C₀>2 were measured. From these measurements we developed models for the drift-flux parameters to take into account the effect of bubble size and input-flow conditions for our intermediate pipe diameter value. These models were tested and validated with separately collected experimental data.     

不同参数下GMAW电信号关联维数分析

GMAW焊接过程的非线性决定了其混沌特性,关联维数是对动力系统混沌特性进行定量分析的主要指标.文中采用相空间重构方法,通过计算关联维数,对GMAW焊接过程中电流信号时间序列进行分析;并改变焊接电压、焊接电流、气体流量等工艺参数,研究不同参数下弧焊过程的混沌特性.结果表明,GMAW焊接过程的混沌现象,不仅存在于短路过渡当中,也存在于滴状过渡中.在此基础上,进一步研究了关联维数随焊接参数的变化规律,认为关联维数可作为焊接过程稳定性评价的依据,即关联维数越小,焊接过程越稳定,焊接工艺参数越优化.上述判据对焊接工艺参数选择的工艺优化试验,焊接过程稳定性监控提供了混沌判识的理论基础.     

压敏电阻对冲击电流回路输出特性影响的仿真

为研究压敏电阻的非线性特性及其性能评估,建立了非线性压敏电阻冲击电流特性的仿真模型,并研究了压敏电阻对不同特征阻抗8/20μs冲击电流回路输出电流波形参数的影响规律。研究结果表明:①压敏电阻的动态电阻r对冲击电流波参数有较大影响,随着r的降低,冲击电流波前时间tf增加,逐渐趋于8μs,冲击电流波半峰值时间tt减小,逐渐趋于20μs,tt与tf之比tt/tf减小,逐渐趋于2.5;②冲击电流回路的特征阻抗Z越小,r对回路输出电流波形参数的影响越大,对压敏电压为471V的压敏电阻负载,当Z为0.35Ω且电流幅值从4A到10kA变化时,tf的变化幅度为4.75μs,tt的变化幅度为19.537μs,tt/tf的变化幅度为9.75;而当Z为1Ω时,tf的变化幅度为2.8μs,tt的变化幅度为3.54μs,tt/tf变化幅度为2.093;③得出了压敏电阻动态电阻和输出满足IEC和国家试验标准要求的8/20μs冲击电流要求的最小电流幅值的关系规律,由此得出在实际应用中,对于电流幅值范围较宽的压敏电阻冲击电流回路,为了提高冲击电流回路输出的效率,应采用分段设计冲击电流回路。     

工艺参数对磨削硅晶圆亚表面损伤裂纹的影响

为研究粗磨硅晶圆亚表面微裂纹,采用截面显微观测法,实验研究了粗磨工艺下砂轮进给速率、砂轮转速和硅晶圆转速对晶圆亚表面裂纹的影响.结果表明:磨削后晶圆亚表面斜线裂纹和折线裂纹占70%,中位裂纹、分叉裂纹和横向裂纹占30%,裂纹形状与工艺参数的关系不大.裂纹深度从晶圆圆心向外逐渐增大,〈110〉晶向裂纹深度稍大于〈100〉晶向.裂纹深度随砂轮进给速率增大单调增加,随砂轮转速增大单调减小.裂纹深度与晶圆转速之间的关系复杂,晶圆转速增大时,裂纹深度先是减小,然后增大.提出了磨削工艺参数的优化措施.