面向制造企业战略目标的精益评价

针对精益水平无法直接反映制造企业战略目标的问题,建立制造企业战略目标与精益水平指标间的映射规则。利用解释结构模型方法建立精益水平指标体系的网络模型,并采用模糊网络分析法及灰色关联度法进行评价。案例应用实现了企业战略目标到关键精益指标的转化,其结果与直接对企业目标评价结果最大偏差不超过5%,证明所提评价模式和映射规则的可行性和有效性。     

Assessing the utility of environmental factors and objectives in environmental impact assessment practice: Western Australian insights

Environmental factors and objectives are formally identified during the scoping stage of environmental impact assessment (EIA) to structure and focus individual assessments. Environmental factors are broad components of the environment, while objectives set the desired outcome for a specific factor. This research assesses the utility of environmental factors and objectives in EIA practice based upon a combination of literature review and interviews with 21 EIA practitioners from Western Australia. Further to providing focus and structure for EIA, practitioners also use environmental factors and objectives for decision-making throughout the process. The majority of practitioners also note that factors and objectives are value adding and useful to their EIA practice. Due to their inherent subjective natures, interviewees noted a lack of consistency regarding how to meet the objectives and challenges in determining the significance of impacts on a factor. Identified opportunities to enhance use of objectives and factors in EIA included provision of more guidance, especially criteria or standards to apply and improve knowledge sharing between EIA stakeholders.     

A goal programming model for the operation of closed-loop supply chains

The implementation of closed-loop supply chains to handle the problem of increasing levels of electronic and electrical equipment waste can be beneficial both economically and ecologically. Three different problem analysis techniques—why–what's stopping analysis, fundamental objective hierarchy, and means objective network—are used to analyse the problem from various perspectives. A non-preemptive goal-programming model and solution approach have also been developed, with goals being assigned different weights according to the respective goal priorities. The model considers multiple products, as well as operations associated with the product, subassembly, part, and material levels. A major contribution of the research involves the fact that the objectives and related constraints for each member of the supply chain are explicitly modeled. The results of the analysis show both the effect of varying the priority/weight associated with a goal, and how the values of the deviational variables can aid a decision maker in model analysis.     

Integrative socio‐economic planning of measures in the context of the water framework directive

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) constitutes a milestone for the protection of aquatic ecosystems. With respect to the challenging objectives of the WFD and the connected financial burdens, which may possibly exceed the capabilities of some regions, it is essential to establish a targeted and integrated view of the economic aspects, which are applicable within the implementation process of the WFD. This is necessary to provide for a sustainable and acceptable implementation of the WFD with regard to the affected parties. However up to now there are many undefined legal concepts and few specific procedural developments, which often do not correspond to the required interdisciplinary and practical approach but are based on complex scientific methods. Hence the purpose of the present article should consist in providing an approach for the integration of the different economic aspects of the WFD in the establishment of the programme of measures and for the concretisation of the river basin specific environmental objectives to be reached.     

基于性能的矿山钢井架抗震设计方法探析

基于性能的矿山钢井架抗震设计方法,对于建成安全高效矿井有着非常重要的现实意义,该文介绍了如何选定地震动水准、性能目标和性能设计指标等性能设计要求,可为矿山钢井架基于性能的抗震设计提供有意义的参考。     

Producer breeding objectives and optimal sire selection

Information from an online survey of dairy producers was used to determine how important producers perceived three different objectives in the breeding problem. The objectives were: maximizing expected net merit of the progeny, minimizing the expected progeny inbreeding coefficient, and minimizing semen expenditure. Producers were asked to rank the three objectives and then to weight the importance of each objective relative to the others. This information was then used to determine weights to be used in a multiple-objective integer program designed to select individual mates for a herd of 76 Jersey cows with known genetic background and cow net merit. The results of the multiple-objective models show that rank and relative importance of producer objectives can affect the portfolio of sires selected. Producers whose primary objective was to maximize expected net merit had a range of average expected progeny net merit of $306 to $310, but the level of expected progeny inbreeding was from 6.99 to 10.45%, with a semen cost per conception of $35 to $41. For producers who selected minimizing progeny inbreeding as the primary goal in their breeding programs, the range of inbreeding was from 6.11 to 6.60%, with lower net merit range of $274 to $301 and semen expenditure of $30 to $37 per conception. One producer selected minimizing semen cost as the primary objective. For that producer's portfolio, the semen cost was $27 per conception and net merit was $288, with a progeny inbreeding coefficient of 10.68%. The results of this research suggest that producer information and goals have a substantial impact on the portfolio of sires selected by that producer to attain these goals.     

大气层外空间目标红外探测性能分析

由于空间环境的特殊性,对空间红外目标进行探测与大气层内红外目标的探测有明显不同.本文从空间目标的红外辐射原理出发,给出了空间目标红外特性的计算模型,并给出了空间目标在3～5 μm和8～12 μm波段红外辐射强度的计算结果;通过对空间目标红外特性的计算分析.提出了几种探测方案,并分别计算了各方案对空间红外目标的探测距离,...     

谈目标教学法在高职英语写作教学中的运用

在分析高职学生英语写作现状的基础上,以教育心理学家布卢姆的教育理论为指导,探讨了在英语写作课堂上目标教学法应遵循的原则及其实施步骤。     

基于互信息量的关键帧全局优化提取方法

关键帧提取技术是视频分析和检索的关键技术之一。提出一种基于互信息量的关键帧提取的新方法,把关键帧提取问题建模为一个多目标规划数学模型,可以同时解决提取关键帧的数量和位置两个主要问题。并且采用了图像信息熵和互信息量作为特征参数参与启发式算法的评价函数,可快速有效地进行子镜头的分割和关键帧的提取。实验证明该方法能较好地提取出视频序列的关键帧。