柴油机曲轴系统扭振协同仿真及试验研究

对柴油机曲轴系统进行了扭振研究,在推导V型柴油机相对振幅矢量和的基础上,确定了V型6缸柴油机的主强简谐。采用GT-SUITE建立该V型6缸柴油机曲轴系统动力学协同仿真模型,并通过试验数据校核模型。对柴油机断油和停气门两种变排量方案进行了仿真研究。结果表明:变排量后轴系扭振角位移幅值显著增加,停气门方案较断油方案幅值大。     

Online ice crystal size measurements during sorbet freezing by means of the focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) technology. Influence of operating conditions

In ice cream and sorbet manufacturing small ice crystals are desired to deliver a product with a smooth texture and good palatability. This research studied the influence of the operating conditions on the ice crystal size and the draw temperature of the sorbet during the freezing process. The evolution of ice crystal size was tracked with the focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) technique, which uses an in situ sensor that makes it possible to monitor online the chord length distribution (CLD) of ice crystals in sorbets containing up to 40% of ice. The refrigerant fluid temperature had the most significant influence on the mean ice crystal chord length, followed by the dasher speed, whereas the mix flow rate had no significant influence. A decrease in the refrigerant fluid temperature led to a reduction in ice crystal size, due to the growth of more small ice crystals left behind on the scraped wall from previous scrapings. Increasing the dasher speed slightly reduced the mean ice crystal chord length, due to the production of new small ice nuclei by secondary nucleation. For a given refrigerant fluid temperature and dasher speed, low mix flow rates resulted in lower draw temperatures, due to the fact that the product remains in contact with the freezer wall longer. High dasher speeds warmed the product slightly, due to the dissipation of frictional energy in the product, the effect of which was in part moderated by the improvement in the heat transfer coefficient between the product and the freezer wall.     

西气东输工程新技术应用

西气东输管道工程是中国目前距离最长、管径最大、输气量最大、压力最高、施工条件最复杂、投资最高的天然气管道,工程以其宏大的建设规模而举世瞩目。文章从线路选择、管道材质、输送工艺设计、压缩机增压系统、大型穿跨越施工技术、自动焊接及检测技术、试压及干燥技术、计量系统及分析检测系统、调峰方案、数据监控及信息管理系统等十个方面,归纳总结了西气东输管道工程中所采用的先进技术。这一系列先进技术和手段的应用,使我国大型输气管道的设计、施工和管理水平有了质的飞跃,也为管道工程的设计、施工和建设积累了宝贵而丰富的经验。     

基于最小势能原理的三维边坡稳定矢量和法

确定滑面应力状态以及坡体滑动方向,是运用矢量和法进行边坡稳定性分析的关键。针对任意形状的滑移面,基于最小势能原理获取滑面上的应力,通过使得系统势能最小的虚位移求解滑面上的法向力以及剪切力。同时,将边坡整体运动趋势视为微面抗滑力矢量和的相反方向,构建了一种抗滑力方向的计算方法。将滑体上的所有力在滑动方向上进行投影得到抗滑力与下滑力,二者的比值定义为边坡的安全系数。相比以往的研究,文中方法无需假定主滑面,同时避免了初始滑动方向的确定。为验证该方法的可行性,用其计算了2个经典算例的安全系数、滑动方向以及法向应力,并将其应用于某实际工程。结果表明:该方法在2个经典算例中得到的结果与其余算法结果较为接近,验证了其合理性;在实际工程中,文中方法与其他算法的计算所得安全系数较为接近。研究成果为边坡稳定计算提供了新的思路。     

基于地理信息系统的区域水环境承载力评价

掌握区域水环境承载力(WECC)对可持续发展政策的制定具有重要意义。针对恩施州的水环境现状,综合选取社会-资源环境-经济系统下的15个评价指标,构建水环境承载力评价指标体系。结合地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析功能,采用离差平方和组合赋权法对各指标的主、客观权重进行综合赋权,在GIS中将各指标进行栅格化处理并进行赋权叠加,得到2017年恩施州水环境承载力的量化值和水环境承载状态的空间分布图。结果表明,恩施州整体水环境承载力属一般水平,水环境承载力为优、良、一般、较差和差5个等级的面积比例分别为1.23%,27.24%,42.62%,19.17%,9.74%;其中来凤、宣恩、鹤峰3县水环境承载力最高,建始、巴东、咸丰3县水环境承载力稍次,利川市和恩施市的水环境承载力最差。研究成果可为恩施州可持续发展政策的制定提供指导。     

测井资料在确定不整合面深度中的应用

不整合面是构造旋回和岩石地层单位划分的重要依据,且与油气关系密切,因此准确确定不整合面的深度具有重要的地质意义。但由于取心资料有限,地震资料分辨率较低等原因,对于地震响应不明显的地层,无法准确地确定不整合面的深度。而测井资料的纵向分辨率较高,不整合面在测井资料上具有特殊的响应特征,因此,在地震资料的宏观控制下,利用最优分割法对某研究区的不整合面进行了确定。结果表明,测井确定的不整合面深度与地质确定的不整合面深度基本吻合。     

服装推板中的比例推导法

针对服装推板缩放无章可循的现状，建立了数学比例关系推导式；经过实例演示认为，该推导对于服装结构工艺中推板的辅助线或辅助点（如腰节高、袖肘线、中档线等），甚至分割线的比例推移、放缩是一个较好的理论依据，可保证放缩后的规格系列与标准母板的造型、款式相同或相似。     

A comparison of formulas for the design of cumulative sum control charts

A conventional cumulative sum control chart has a V‐mask where each arm makes an angle θ with the horizontal and has a lead distance d. These parameters are usually related to h (=dA tan(?), A is a scaling factor) and k(=A tan(?)). Two systems of formulas are examined for deriving h and k for selected values of the in control and out of control average run lengths. This is the first time an exhaustive comparison has been made. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Symmetry energy dependence of the pygmy and giant dipole resonances in an isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model

Isospin-dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics model (IQMD) has been applied to investigate the Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) and Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) in Ni isotopes by Coulomb excitation. By Gaussian fitting to the photon emission spectra, the peak energies and strengths of PDR and GDR are extracted. Their sensitivities to impact parameter, incident energy and the symmetry energy are discussed. By the comparison of energy-weighted sum rule (EWSR) with the data and other calculations for 68 Ni, the parameters of density-dependence of symmetry energy in the IQMD are constrained. In addition, the N/Z dependence of PDR and GDR parameters of Ni isotopes are investigated, and the results that the EWSR increases linearly with the N/Z are obtained.     

An observer‐based controller for a class of polynomial fuzzy systems with disturbance

In this paper, a new observer‐based controller for a class of polynomial fuzzy systems with disturbance is proposed. First, by some appropriate equivalence transformation of the polynomial fuzzy model, the first output‐sized states can be obtained directly from the output, which eventually enables us to obtain the feedback control gain and observer‐related parameters together without considering the so‐called separation principle. Second, with the disturbance in mind, a PI‐type observer is suggested. Finally, the sum of squares for the stability of the closed‐loop observer‐based control system is provided. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.