Evaluating non-technical skills and mission essential competencies of pilots in military aviation environments

Abstract

To develop and validate a classification of non-technical skills (NTS) in military aviation, a study was conducted, using data from real operations of F16 aircraft formations. Phase 1 developed a NTS classification based on the literature review (e.g. NOTECHS) and a workshop with pilots. The Non-TEChnical-MILitary-Skills (NOTEMILS) scheme was tested in Phase 2 in a series of Principal Component Analysis with data from After-Action-Review sessions (i.e. 900 records from a wide range of operations). The NTS were found to make a good prediction of Mission Essential Components (R² > 0.80) above the effect of experience. Phase 3 undertook a reliability analysis where three raters assessed the NOTEMILS scheme with good results (i.e. all r_wg > 0.80). To look into the consistency of classifications, another test indicated that, at least, two out of three raters were in agreement in over 70% of the assessed flight segments.

Practitioner Summary: A classification scheme of Non-Technical Skills (NTS) was developed and tested for reliability in military aviation operations. The NTS scheme is a valuable tool for assessing individual and team skills of F-16 pilots in combat. It is noteworthy that the tool had a good capability of predicting Mission Essential Competencies.     

Autonomous terrain-following for unmanned air vehicles

This paper presents an integrated guidance and control design scheme for an unmanned air vehicle (UAV), and its flight test results. The paper focuses on the longitudinal control and guidance aspects, with particular emphasis on the terrain-following problem. An introduction to the mission, and the terrain-following problem is given first. Waypoints for climb and descent are defined. Computation of the reference trajectory in the vertical plane is discussed, including a terrain-following (TF) algorithm for real-time calculation of climb/descent points and altitudes. The algorithm is particularly suited for online computation and is therefore useful for autonomous flight. The algorithm computes the height at which the vehicle should fly so that a specified clearance from the underlying terrain is always maintained, while ensuring that the vehicle’s rate of climb and rate of descent constraints are not violated. The output of the terrain-following algorithm is used to construct a smooth reference trajectory for the vehicle to track. The design of a robust controller for altitude tracking and stability augmentation of the vehicle is then presented. The controller uses elevators for pitch control in the inner loop, while the reference pitch commands are generated by the outer altitude control loop. The controller tracks the reference trajectory computed by the terrain-following algorithm. The design of an electromechanical actuator for actuating the control surfaces of the vehicle during flight is also discussed. The entire guidance and control scheme is implemented on an actual experimental vehicle and flight test results are presented and discussed.     

航天飞机雷达测图计划大块区域无效数据填补方法

在总结国内外对SRTM无效数据填补方法的基础上,针对直接用低精度的GTOPO30数据进行镶嵌填充SRTM无效数据会产生边界不光滑,细节表现不好的问题,采用Laplacian迭代修复算法。该算法是经典的基于偏微分方程(PDE)的图像修复算法。实例对比验证表明,该方法在对SRTM大块无效数据填补效果上明显好于用GTOPO30数据直接填补的效果,是获取完整SRTM数据的有效方法之一。     

基于RGI的浮空器任务规划问题研究

侦察任务规划是浮空器军事应用中的重要问题,对于最大化满足侦察任务需求、提高浮空器资源利用率具有重要作用。针对浮空器侦察系统的任务规划问题,考虑任务需求约束、载荷约束等条件下,构建了浮空器连续侦察监视的混合整数规划模型,并采用贪婪随机插入(RGI)算法对模型进行了求解。该算法结合了贪婪算法和模拟退火算法的设计思想,既保留了一定贪婪特征又提高了跳出局部最优解的能力。最后通过一个多浮空器多目标的仿真实例验证了算法的有效性。     

Petri网及ExSpect在任务可靠性仿真中的应用

任务可靠性的仿真方法有多种,这些方法由于系统的复杂性均存在某些方面的局限。本文首先介绍了任务可靠性的基本概念和一种新的用于任务可靠性仿真的方法-基本Petri网理论。并详细分析和比较了Petri网理论与其他仿真方法的优点和不足之处。随后介绍以Petri网理论为基础的仿真软件-ExSpect的发展、组成及其语言特点。最后,列举当前已成功应用的五个仿真实例来验证ExSpect仿真软件在任务可靠性仿真方面的适用性。     

亚轨道飞行器任务中止再入轨迹优化设计

针对亚轨道飞行器上升段由于动力故障任务中止时再入返回的问题,考虑飞行模型简化和故障后的燃料处理方案,通过遗传算法优化设计最优返回轨迹,优化时选取经向飞行航程最远作为性能指标,并采用遗传算法,解决用于再入轨迹优化所涉及的关键问题,并进行仿真。仿真结果表明,方法不但满足飞行器返回过程中加热率、过载、动压约束以及终端状态约束,能够通过飞行航程最远消耗飞行器能量从而安全着陆,而且可以较快地搜索到全局最优解,能够用于亚轨道飞行器故障再入轨迹的优化设计。     

基于HLA的无人机任务推演系统仿真研究

通常的任务控制过程包括任务预规划,任务执行,任务监控和重规划等部分.该文通过分析任务预规划的不足,在任务控制过程中引入了任务推演的概念,并对无人机任务推演的相关概念和内容进行了分析和讨论.同时针对无人机系统多速率时间推进的特点,设计了无人机任务推演系统的系统结构,并基于HLA体系设计和分析了无人机推演系统的仿真互联结构.然后讨论了无人机任务推演系统中的飞行仿真模块的SOM仿真建模.最后基于RTI实现了无人机飞行仿真推演模块与飞行三维可视化模块的互联.     

分布式实时数据库系统中一种新的复制控制策略

为了更好地满足实时分布式数据库系统的实时性和一致性这两个基本要求 ,本文介绍了一种新的集成了实时任务调度和复制控制的复制控制算法 .     

基于STM32的无人机地面监控系统

在VS平台上设计了一个基于STM32控制器的无人机地面监控系统,给出系统软硬件部分的选型和设计。经过实际联调,系统运行良好,实现了预期目标。     

A new procedure to estimate the rainfall erosivity factor based on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) data

Soil erosion by water is the most important land degradation problem worldwide.In this paper a new procedure was developed to estimate the rainfall-runoff erosivity factor(R)based on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)satellite-estimated precipitation data,which consists of 3-h rainfall intensity data.In this method,R was calculated as the product of the maximum 180-min rainfall intensity and the rainfall energy.This procedure was applied to the Daling River basin in Liaoning Province,China,R in terms...