作战任务分解的概念表示方法研究

任务分解是指挥员实施作战部署的一项非常复杂而又繁琐的创造性活动,而且时效性、精确性要求越来越高.为了研制相关的辅助工具,需要对任务分解活动概念本身进行深入研究和形式化描述.文章从任务的静、动态结构两方面研究了任务分解的概念表示.在介绍宏观任务、任务单元和基本任务等基本概念的基础上,提出了任务分解图和任务流程图的描述方法,并以空间信息支援任务为例,建立了任务的分解结构和流程结构,以此说明方法的使用.最后设计了基本任务分解的一般性算法.     

Impact of surface heterogeneity on surface soil moisture retrievals from passive microwave data at the regional scale: The Upper Danube case

Water and energy fluxes at the interface between the land surface and atmosphere are strongly depending on the surface soil moisture content which is highly variable in space and time. The sensitivity of active and passive microwave remote sensing data to surface soil moisture content has been investigated in numerous studies. Recent satellite borne mission concepts, as e.g. the SMOS mission, are dedicated to provide global soil moisture information with a temporal frequency of 1-3 days to capture it's high temporal dynamics. Passive satellite microwave sensors have spatial resolutions in the order of tens of kilometres. The retrieved soil moisture fields from that sensors therefore represent surface information which is integrated over large areas. It has been shown that the heterogeneity within an image pixel might have considerable impact on the accuracy of soil moisture retrievals from passive microwave data.The paper investigates the impact of land surface heterogeneity on soil moisture retrievals from L-band passive microwave data at different spatial scales between 1 km and 40 km. The impact of sensor noise and quality of ancillary information is explicitly considered. A synthetic study is conducted where brightness temperature observations are generated using simulated land surface conditions. Soil moisture information is retrieved from these simulated observations using an iterative approach based on multiangular observations of brightness temperature. The soil moisture retrieval uncertainties resulting from the heterogeneity within the image pixels as well as the uncertainties in the a priori knowledge of surface temperature data and due to sensor noise, is investigated at different spatial scales. The investigations are made for a heterogeneous hydrological catchment in Southern Germany (Upper Danube) which is dedicated to serve as a calibration and validation site for the SMOS mission.     

基于总变分低秩组稀疏的全球雷达数据修复算法

针对航天飞机雷达地形测绘任务（SRTM）中存在由大量尖峰、斑点和多向条纹误差形成的混合噪声对后续应用产生严重干扰的问题,提出了一种基于总变分约束的低秩组稀疏（LRGS_TV）算法。首先,利用数据在局部范围低秩方向上的唯一性来正则化全局多方向条带误差结构,同时使用变分思想进行单向约束;其次,使用加权核范数的非局部自相似性来消除随机噪声,并结合总变分（TV）正则对数据梯度进行约束,以减小局部范围变化差值;最后,使用交替方向乘子优化对低秩组稀疏模型进行求解,从而保证了模型的收敛性。把所提算法与TV、单方向总变分（UTV）、低秩单图像分解（LRSID）和低秩组稀疏（LRGS）模型这4种算法进行定量评估的结果表明,LRGS_TV的峰值信噪比（PSNR）可以达到38.53 dB,结构相似性（SSIM）可以达到0.97,均为5种算法中的最优。同时,坡度与坡向结果表明,经LRGS_TV处理后,数据的后续应用有显著改善。实验结果表明,LRGS_TV能够在保证地形轮廓特征基本不变的情况下更好地修复原始数据,可对SRTM可靠性的提高与后续应用提供重要的支持。     

基于ACP方法的载人登月中止规划的计算实验研究

针对载人登月中止规划存在的不确定性因素, 提出了基于ACP (Artificial systems, computational experiments, parallel execution)方法的载人登月中止规划框架, 论述了该框架下人工系统和平行执行的初步设计, 主要讨论了计算实验设计、分析和验证过程. 针对中止规划时中止点状态误差的不确定性, 提出利用短时间的累积观测值确定中止点状态误差的计算实验方法, 并应用模拟退火单纯形混合算法求解从载人登月轨道上任一点返回地球的中止机动方案. 最后给出基于正交实验设计的计算实验示例性算例, 验证本文提出方法的有效性.     

新型防化发烟车RMST一体化设计与关键技术分析

针对我军装备可靠性维修性保障性测试性（RMST）设计中存在的问题,着眼防化发烟车任务特点和使用保障需求,提出将能执行任务率指标引入到新型发烟车RMST设计研制中,创建适用于防化发烟车的RMST设计流程、一体化设计定量指标体系和顶层参数数学模型,并对涉及到的系统工程设计、综合权衡优化、指标调整分配等关键技术进行分析。本文可为提高新型防化发烟车RMST设计水平提供一定的研究基础。     

TRMM3B43降水产品在西藏地区的精度检验和应用

以西藏地区38个国家基准站和基本站的实测降水资料,利用双线性插值、相关系数、散点斜率和相对误差等指标,对热带降水测量卫星(TRMM)的3B43降水产品的精度进行检验和分析。结果表明:月尺度上,整体而言TRMM3B43降水产品与实测降水量具有较好的一致性,其中西藏西部和东部喜马拉雅山脉东段北麓地区相关性相对较差,平均相对误差较大。年尺度上TRMM3B43降水产品的相关性不如月尺度好,平均相对误差随统计数值的增大而减小。在应用TRMM3B43降水产品进行流域面雨量估算时,采用气象站点实测降水资料校准TRMM3B43降水产品的T-G联合法,对TRMM3B43降水产品进行订正。     

Hydrological assessment of TRMM rainfall data over Yangtze River Basin

High-quality rainfall information is critical for accurate simulation of runoff and water cycle processes on the land surface. In situ monitoring of rainfall has a very limited utility at the regional and global scale because of the high temporal and spatial variability of rainfall. As a step toward overcoming this problem, microwave remote sensing observations can be used to retrieve the temporal and spatial rainfall coverage because of their global availability and frequency of measurement. This paper addresses the question of whether remote sensing rainfall estimates over a catchment can be used for water balance computations in the distributed hydrological model. The TRMM 3B42V6 rainfall product was introduced into the hydrological cycle simulation of the Yangtze River Basin in South China. A tool was developed to interpolate the rain gauge observations at the same temporal and spatial resolution as the TRMM data and then evaluate the precision of TRMM 3B42V6 data from 1998 to 2006. It shows that the TRMM 3B42V6 rainfall product was reliable and had good precision in application to the Yangtze River Basin. The TRMM 3B42V6 data slightly overestimated rainfall during the wet season and underestimated rainfall during the dry season in the Yangtze River Basin. Results suggest that the TRMM 3B42V6 rainfall product can be used as an alternative data source for large-scale distributed hydrological models.     

Use of TRMM in determining the climatic characteristics of rainfall over Bangladesh

Five years of data from 1998 to 2002 of TRMM-3B42 version 5 (V5), 3B43 V5, 3B42 version 6 (V6), 3B43 V6, and the Bangladesh Meteorological Department rain-gauge network were analyzed to understand the climatic characteristics of rainfall over Bangladesh. TRMM-PR 2A25 data were used to obtain the precipitation field of the convection events. Daily rainfall measured by TRMM V5 3B42 was compared to that of rain-gauge values from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon months (March-November). The time sequence patterns of the daily rainfall determined by the V5 3B42 and those from rain gauges were remarkably similar. The spatial and temporal averages of rainfall revealed good estimations of rainfall: during March to November, the V5 3B42- and rain gauge-estimated daily rainfall was 8.12 and 8.34 mm, respectively. In annual scale, TRMM V5 3B42-, V5 3B43-, V6 3B42-, V6 3B43- and rain-gauge estimated rainfall was 6.9, 6.4, 6.6, 6.8 and 7.1 mm/day, respectively. The average percentage of rainy days determined by V5 3B42 data with respect to the rain-gauge value was 96%. TRMM is useful for estimating the average values of rainfall in Bangladesh. The prominent difference between rainfall estimated by rain-gauge and V5 3B42 was found to be period- and location-dependent. The V5 3B42 overestimated the rainfall during the pre-monsoon period and in dry regions but underestimated it during the monsoon period and in wet regions. The reason for the differences according to season and locations is considered to be the vertical cross section of convection obtained by TRMM-PR 2A25 data. The rainfall overestimation in pre-monsoon and underestimation in monsoon period measured by V5 3B42 is reduced to reasonable amount by V6 3B42 and V6 3B43. In this manner, the merit of using TRMM data for climatological studies of rainfall over Bangladesh is shown.     

运载火箭海上测控任务中的天线方向图分析

在运载火箭的海上测控任务中,测量船的工况设计是最重要的工作之一。任务弧段、海域条件、覆盖率、飞行器天线方向图均是任务设计中的重要约束因素,过去的工况设计中一般对天线方向图做简化处理,但这种简化往往忽略天线方向图的哑点区域而造成运载火箭飞行过程中跟踪信号闪断或丢失。提出采用一种利用测控信号分析的墨迹法,使测量船在任务中尽量避开低强度测控信号区域。该方法为测量船的海上工况设计提供了既量化又直观的约束条件,有利于测量船工况设计的精细化。