The Interaction of Glymes with Surfactant Micelles

The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) values and counterion dissociation (α values) have been determined for a number of mixed micellar systems consisting of two typical ionic surfactants and glycol ethers (glymes) as cosurfactants, namely diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. Conductance experiments were used to determine the CMC and α values of the mixed micelles as a function of glyme concentration in the aqueous mixed solvent. Favorable interactions between sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles and glyme cosurfactants were deduced from the decreases in the CMC values and the large increase in the α values of these systems as a function of increasing glyme concentration in the mixed solvents. In contrast to the anionic surfactant/glyme systems, in general, there appeared to be little favorable interactions between the surfactant and glymes when micelles of the cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide were formed in water/glyme solvent systems containing an increasing amount of the glymes. The interaction of glymes with the surfactant micelles was examined closely via ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts for both surfactant and glyme carbons; these chemical shifts changes were interpreted in terms of the distribution and the localization of the glymes in the aggregates. Finally, partition constants, determined from two-dimensional diffusion-oriented spectroscopy (2D-DOSY) experiments, were used to calculate thermodynamic quantities of transfer of the glymes between the bulk phase and the self-assembled aggregates. All these results are interpreted in terms of the key contributions that both the glyme ethoxylated groups and alkyl endgroups make to the hydrophobic interactions.     

Pharmacological Evidence on Augmented Antiallodynia Following Systemic Co-Treatment with GlyT-1 and GlyT-2 Inhibitors in Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

The limited effect of current medications on neuropathic pain (NP) has initiated large efforts to develop effective treatments. Animal studies showed that glycine transporter (GlyT) inhibitors are promising analgesics in NP, though concerns regarding adverse effects were raised. We aimed to study NFPS and Org-25543, GlyT-1 and GlyT-2 inhibitors, respectively and their combination in rat mononeuropathic pain evoked by partial sciatic nerve ligation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glycine content was also determined by capillary electrophoresis. Subcutaneous (s.c.) 4 mg/kg NFPS or Org-25543 showed analgesia following acute administration (30–60 min). Small doses of each compound failed to produce antiallodynia up to 180 min after the acute administration. However, NFPS (1 mg/kg) produced antiallodynia after four days of treatment. Co-treatment with subanalgesic doses of NFPS (1 mg/kg) and Org-25543 (2 mg/kg) produced analgesia at 60 min and thereafter meanwhile increased significantly the CSF glycine content. This combination alleviated NP without affecting motor function. Test compounds failed to activate G-proteins in spinal cord. To the best of our knowledge for the first time we demonstrated augmented analgesia by combining GlyT-1 and 2 inhibitors. Increased CSF glycine content supports involvement of glycinergic system. Combining selective GlyT inhibitors or developing non-selective GlyT inhibitors might have therapeutic value in NP.     

地下圆形粮仓钢板-混凝土组合仓壁弹性应力计算公式推导与验证

地下粮仓因其周围地层的低温或准低温环境对保障粮食品质安全具有显著优势,它是构建绿色生态储粮体系的重要技术支撑。结合工程实际提出一种圆形钢板-混凝土组合地下粮仓,该新型地下粮仓的圆筒形仓壁是由钢板和混凝土两种异材组成的钢板-混凝土组合仓壁(薄柱壳),其强度计算决定着组合仓壁的安全性,是首要应该解决的问题。弹性力学经典的受压圆筒应力计算公式对其不适用,为了研究该组合仓壁的弹性应力求解问题,采用地下结构常用的荷载-结构法,将外侧水土作用简化为沿圆筒外侧均布径向压力,引入了3个假设,建立了受均匀外压作用下的双层异材圆筒计算模型。根据弹性力学理论,计算模型的应力边界条件、界面条件和位移单值条件,推导了受均匀外压双层异材圆筒的应力计算公式。以圆形地下粮仓实际工程的结构参数,建立了钢板-混凝土组合仓壁工程算例,利用推导的双层异材圆筒应力计算公式求得工程算例的解析解,采用有限元法得到工程算例的数值解,二者吻合良好,验证了该双层异材圆筒应力计算公式的正确性。推导的受均匀外压双层异材圆筒弹性应力计算公式解决了地下圆形粮仓钢板-混凝土组合仓壁的应力求解问题,为地下圆形粮仓钢板-混凝土组合仓壁工程应用提供理论参考。     

阶梯形零件的冷挤压工艺研究

详细介绍了阶梯形零件冷挤压工艺的制订过程，根据实践经验总结了其冷挤压模具设计的结构特点。     

玲珑金矿田含矿断裂的基岩地球化学特征及找矿潜力评价

基岩地球化学方法广泛应用于地质找矿与生产实践,是开展深部找矿预测最直接的方法和手段。通过对玲珑金矿田井下含矿断裂和招平断裂的基岩剖面地球化学特征进行系统研究,得出以下认识：玲珑金矿田原生晕最佳指示元素组合为Au、Ag、Bi、As和Co,且Au-Ag、Au-Bi、Au-As及Au-Co元素之间呈较好的幂指数正相关。根据玲珑金矿田已探明矿脉最佳指示元素组合的统计结果,结合招平断裂基岩剖面地球化学测量结果,发现招平断裂在地表有2处金矿化异常,推测其为矿致异常,反映出该地段具有较好的找矿潜力,特别是前花园村东1021剖面中异常找矿潜力更大。     

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW THERMO-MECHANICAL SIMULATOR

A new multifunction thermo-mechanical simulator was successfully developed. The accuracy of measurement and control is very high through all digital control. More than twenty tests may bc fulfilled including tension, compression, torsion combination large deformation that meets the study of supersteel,etc.Its performance is introduced in the paper,such as designed ideas, machine structure,man-machinc interface, control system, etc.     

32和63通径二通插装阀混合集成控制新型差动回路

本文结合拉床实例介绍一种二通插装集成控制式最新差动回路的结构特点及控制原理。     

高浓度熟料溶出的工艺研究

优化烧结法生产 ,提高产量、节约能耗是氧化铝生产急需解决的问题之一。实现高浓度溶出可以提高精液浓度 ,减少湿法系统物料流量 ,达到提高产能、增加产量、降低成品成本的目的。本文通过对国内外高浓度熟料溶出发展情况和烧结法影响高浓度溶出的因素进行分析研究 ,提出了提高熟料A/S的必要性 ;指出了适合我国条件的熟料A/S大小和生料配方 ;分析了温度和αk 对溶出和分离的影响机理和规律 ;提出了适合高浓度溶出的溶出条件和浓度大小。对生产有一定的指导意义。     

On the role of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity in aqueous heterophase polymerization

This paper reports on experimental results of aqueous heterophase polymerizations with monomers of quite different solubility in water ranging from the water-soluble 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to lauryl methacrylate with solubility in water of only about 10⁻⁴ mM. A calorimetric study revealed the strong influence of both the hydrophilicity of the monomer and the stirrer speed on the rate of polymerization in the absence of surfactants. In order to obtain maximum latex yield and high efficiency (which is a measure considering colloidal properties, polymerization recipe, and polymerization parameters) the initiator-surfactant combination must be properly chosen in dependence on the hydrophilicity of the monomer. Results are presented for sodium alkyl sulfates or disodium-N-stearoyl-l-glutamate as surfactant and potassium peroxodisulfate, or poly(ethylene glycol)-azo- compounds, or 2,2′-azobis(N-2′-methylpropanoyl-2-amino-alkyl-1)-sulfonates as initiators.     

DEDS-10双子表面活性剂的性能研究

合成了一种新型的DEDS-10双子表面活性剂,用红外光谱对所合成化合物的结构进行了初步表征。DEDS-10的临界胶束浓度cm c为0.47 mmol/L,γcm c为34.5 mN/m,A lC l3、CaC l2和NaC l可以使γcm c降低3.6~1.1 mN/m,其cm c值大约为纯水溶液cm c值的1/5~1/3;加入乙醇,可增加其表面活性,在乙醇的浓度为0.22 mol/L时,其表面张力为30 mN/m左右。与阳离子表面活性剂DTAB和非离子表面活性剂曲拉通X-100复配,可以大幅度地降低cm c和γcm c值,与阴离子表面活性剂TLS复配时,cm c降低,cγm c略有增加。