剪切速率和静置时间对Fe-Al-Mg-MMH/钠质蒙脱土复合触变性体系触变性的影响

研究了测定条件对R=0.051的Fe-Al-Mg型混合金属氢氧化物(简称MMH)/钠质蒙脱土(简称MT)复合触变性悬浮体性质的影响.主要考察了高速剪切分散后,测定粘度(η)随时间(t)变化时采用的剪切速率(DL)和测定η前的静置时间(ts)的影响发现DL和ts的影响很复杂,ts=0,低DL时(10和170s-1)呈现复合触变性的体系,在高DL时(340、511和1022s-1)可呈现正触变性;DL增加,体系η逐渐降低.在所研究的ts范围内(0～2h),随ts的增加,体系分别由低DL时(10和170s-1)的复合触变性和高DL时(340、511和1022s-1)的正触变性皆转变为负触变性.低DL时(10和170s-1),η随ts逐渐降低;高DL时(340、511和1022s-1),η随t逐渐增高.对影响机理进行了初步探讨.     

A hybrid intelligent system for medical data classification

In this paper, a hybrid intelligent system that consists of the Fuzzy Min–Max neural network, the Classification and Regression Tree, and the Random Forest model is proposed, and its efficacy as a decision support tool for medical data classification is examined. The hybrid intelligent system aims to exploit the advantages of the constituent models and, at the same time, alleviate their limitations. It is able to learn incrementally from data samples (owing to Fuzzy Min–Max neural network), explain its predicted outputs (owing to the Classification and Regression Tree), and achieve high classification performances (owing to Random Forest). To evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid intelligent system, three benchmark medical data sets, viz., Breast Cancer Wisconsin, Pima Indians Diabetes, and Liver Disorders from the UCI Repository of Machine Learning, are used for evaluation. A number of useful performance metrics in medical applications which include accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, as well as the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve are computed. The results are analyzed and compared with those from other methods published in the literature. The experimental outcomes positively demonstrate that the hybrid intelligent system is effective in undertaking medical data classification tasks. More importantly, the hybrid intelligent system not only is able to produce good results but also to elucidate its knowledge base with a decision tree. As a result, domain users (i.e., medical practitioners) are able to comprehend the prediction given by the hybrid intelligent system; hence accepting its role as a useful medical decision support tool.     

基于回归模型的CPU超频仿真软件设计

为了帮助认识CPU超频问题并熟悉超频设置操作,进行CPU超频仿真软件设计的全面研究。分析CPU超频的影响因素,介绍超频的方法和操作流程;讨论软件的功能模块结构、模块的运行流程和样本数据的存储方法;重点研究CPU超频后的性能测试结果估计问题,并为此提出了建立回归模型的解决之道;详细探讨了VB.NET与Matlab混合编程的接口与实现途径,并以此种方式完成了程序代码的编写。试用表明,该软件功能完整、界面直观、使用简便,能够为理解超频理论和熟悉超频操作提供有效帮助。     

基于弹性网格混合特征的脱机手写维文识别

手写体维文识别技术的关键在于特征提取方法的选择。为探求一种可靠性高、可分性强的脱机手写维文特征提取方法,在分析现有方法的基础上,结合维吾尔文字词自身的特点,提出一种在局部特征上基于弹性网格区域笔划密度、方向分解特征,在全局特征上提取交叉点、环、弧形笔划、附加笔划、外围轮廓特征的混合特征提取方法。通过在IFN/ENIT标准数据库及自采样数据集的聚类分析实验,识别正确率分别达到85%、84.3%。结果表明,方法综合统计特征和结构特征提取的优点,具有较强的抗扰能力,可分性优于GSC法。     

基于机器学习的肺部CT图像非刚性配准误差预测方法

配准误差评估通常由人工完成,耗时费力;常用的Dice测度只关注组织边缘的配准误差,难以评估组织内部配准结果。针对以上问题,提出一种基于机器学习的肺部CT图像非刚性配准误差预测方法(PREML)。该方法首先构建形变场统计特征、形变场物理保真度特征和图像相似性特征三类特征,然后通过池化方法扩充特征数量,最后使用随机森林回归方法预测非刚性配准误差,并且使用自适应随机扰动方法模拟肺部配准误差空间分布,进一步提升形变场统计特征的配准误差表征能力。在三个肺部CT图像数据集上进行训练与测试,其配准误差预测结果与金标准之间的平均绝对差异为1.245±2.500 mm,预测性能优于基线方法。结果表明,PREML方法具有预测精度高、鲁棒性强的特点,可提升配准算法在临床应用的有效性和安全性。     

基于分类外形搜索的人脸特征点定位

针对传统由粗糙到精准的人脸外形搜索方法,其每一次外形搜索需要在整个外形搜索空间进行,提出一种基于分类的外形搜索方法。该方法始于一个包含不同人脸形状的外形搜索空间,首先利用基于相关性的特征选择方法对随机森林分类器进行优化,利用训练的随机森林分类器将外形搜索空间分为若干个外形搜索子空间;然后根据输入样本和随机森林分类器确定与当前外形最接近的外形搜索子空间,并计算对应子空间的中心和对应样本的后验概率分布,方便后续阶段更好地进行外形搜索;最后采用级联回归进行人脸特征点定位。在300-W数据集上的实验结果表明,此方法不仅有效降低了外形搜索的时间,同时在无约束环境中具有良好的鲁棒性。     

提高丙烯和混合碳四产品收率的对策与措施

中国石油化工股份有限公司茂名分公司化工事业部乙烯装置随着运行周期的延长，高低压脱丙烷塔和脱丁烷塔结垢严重，分离效果变差，造成丙烯和混合碳四产品的收率降低。通过分析丙烯和混合碳四产品损失大、收率低的原因，提出对策并采取相应措施，从而有效地提高了丙烯和混合碳四产品的收率。     

Relations between damage symptoms and nutritional status of Norway spruce stands (Picea abies Karst.) in southwestern Germany

Since the mid-1970s new types of forest damage are observed in the Federal Republic of Germany. Typical damage symptoms in coniferous tree species are needle yellowing, reddening and premature loss of older foliage. Needle analysis carried out in damaged Norway spruce stands indicated that these phenomena, most of all needle yellowing, are influenced by the nutritional status of the trees. For the investigated sites Mg but also other elements, particularly P, S, K, Ca and Zn may play a causal role. As N is the most abundant element in the plant its form of uptake is important for a balanced nutrition. On the contrary to NO₃-N high NH₄-N uptake reduces the uptake of cations, particularly Mg and Ca, eventually inducing foliar discoloration symptoms on specific sites. Fertilizer experiments indicated that Mg fertilization is an appropriate tool to mitigate forest damages associated with Mg deficiency for a sustained time period. The application of N in the form of NH₄-N may impede Mg uptake. This mechanism may cause severe damage in forest areas receiving continuously high NH₄-N deposition.     

林产化学加工学科的现况与发展前景

本文了介绍了并论述了林产化学加工学科所含的五个专业方向，木材化学加工工程，树木提取物化学工程，林产生物化工，木材保护与改性，林产化工装备与控制的研究内容，工业现状，存在问题与发展前景。