Stochastic Spatial Heterogeneity in Activities of H+-ATP-Ases in Electrically Connected Plant Cells Decreases Threshold for Cooling-Induced Electrical Responses

H⁺-ATP-ases, which support proton efflux through the plasma membrane, are key molecular transporters for electrogenesis in cells of higher plants. Initial activities of the transporters can influence the thresholds of generation of electrical responses induced by stressors and modify other parameters of these responses. Previously, it was theoretically shown that the stochastic heterogeneity of individual cell thresholds for electrical responses in a system of electrically connected neuronal cells can decrease the total threshold of the system (“diversity-induced resonance”, DIR). In the current work, we tested a hypothesis about decreasing the thresholds of generation of cooling-induced electrical responses in a system of electrically connected plant cells with increasing stochastic spatial heterogeny in the initial activities of H⁺-ATP-ases in these cells. A two-dimensional model of the system of electrically connected excitable cells (simple imitation of plant leaf), which was based on a model previously developed in our works, was used for the present investigation. Simulation showed that increasing dispersion in the distribution of initial activities of H⁺-ATP-ases between cells decreased the thresholds of generation of cooling-induced electrical responses. In addition, the increasing weakly influenced the amplitudes of electrical responses. Additional analysis showed two different mechanisms of the revealed effect. The increasing spatial heterogeneity in activities of H⁺-ATP-ases induced a weak positive shift of the membrane potential at rest. The shift decreased the threshold of electrical response generation. However, the decreased threshold induced by increasing the H⁺-ATP-ase activity heterogeneity was also observed after the elimination of the positive shift. The result showed that the “DIR-like” mechanism also participated in the revealed effect. Finally, we showed that the standard deviation of the membrane potentials before the induction of action potentials could be used for the estimation of thresholds of cooling-induced plant electrical responses. Thus, spatial heterogeneity in the initial activities of H⁺-ATP-ases can be a new regulatory mechanism influencing the generation of electrical responses in plants under actions of stressors.     

基于TRIZ的中频加热弯管机创新设计研究

中频加热弯管机是现在市场上较为流行的弯管机之一，由于设备本身是在对管材加热之后进行弯折，因此在加工过程中存在一些技术问题。通过对76个标准解的研究，对其流程进行了适当的改进，并将此理论应用于中频加热弯管机的设计中，对该产品提出了新的设计方案。     

基于纹理感知的目标检测方法

利用人造物体与背景景物存在的纹理差异提出一种基于纹理感知的目标检测方法。该方法利用灰度共生矩阵计算景物的纹理特征,对物体的强度、方向和纹理特征进行非线性融合,突出纹理粗糙度弱的人造物体并抑制纹理粗糙度强的背景。理论分析和实验结果表明,该模型融入了纹理粗糙度和相似性等特征来组织目标,提高了目标检测性能。     

装备一体化设计中维修性冲突管理系统研究

阐述维修性冲突管理的理论体系及其技术构成,设计开发维修性冲突管理系统,包括功能、数据库、维修性冲突解决实例库的设计。该系统可实现对产品维修性冲突的检测并提供可行的解决方案。最后以某型装备密封口盖的设计为例,对该系统进行验证。     

电极材料对铝电解阴极过程研究的影响

电解铝工业中铝的析出发生在阴极上,研究铝析出反应的机理对实际工况有很好的指导意义。研究发现,炭电极上的Al、Na共沉积现象严重,致使循环伏安曲线上Al的析出峰被掩盖。因此人们试图用一些金属电极Ni、Pt、Au、Ta、Cu、W等来代替炭电极,但研究发现大部分金属电极都与Al反应生成合金,干扰了对真实电极过程的研究。只有W与Al的合金化作用较小,因此对冰晶石一氧化铝熔体的阴极电化学研究采用了W电极。而目前TiH2基可湿润阴极是极具发展前景的铝电解槽阴极材料,但这方面的研究还很不够,需做进一步的研究。     

基质固相分散-高压液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定猪肉中22种磺胺类药物的残留

目的 建立基质固相分散-高压液相色谱-高分辨质谱测定猪肉中22种磺胺类药物残留量的测定方法, 包括磺胺苯酰、磺胺醋酰、磺胺氯哒嗪、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺多辛、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺甲噻二唑、磺胺二甲噁唑、磺胺苯吡唑、磺胺吡啶、磺胺喹噁啉、磺胺噻唑、磺胺异噁唑、磺胺胍、甲氧苄啶、磺胺索嘧啶。方法 猪肉样品与弗罗里硅土混合, 研磨均匀, 装入空的固相萃取管中, 用15 mL 1%乙酸二氯甲烷: 乙酸乙酯(1∶3, v/v)洗脱, 洗脱液用氮气吹干, 残渣用1 mL乙腈: 10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(15∶85, v/v)溶解。加入1 mL正己烷混合离心, 取下层溶液, 经0.22 μm滤膜过滤后用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18(2.1 mm×150 mm, 2.7 μm)色谱柱分离, 高分辨质谱测定。结果 22种磺胺类药物在 10~100 μg/kg范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数r>0.99, 除磺胺甲噻二唑、甲氧苄啶和磺胺脒/磺胺胍加标回收率小于40%外, 其余均大于60%, 定量限为 5~10 μg/kg。结论 本方法具有前处理快速、高效、有机试剂用量少、成本小等优点, 适用于猪肉中磺胺类药物残留量的测定。     

Optical resolution of (R,S)‐2‐phenyl‐1‐propanol through enantioselective ethycellulose membranes

Enantioselective membrane was prepared using ethyl cellulose (EC) as membrane material. The flux and permselective properties of membrane using aqueous solution of (R,S)‐2‐phenyl‐1‐propanol as feed solution was studied. The employed membrane process was a pressure driven process. All kinds of important conditions including preparation and operation of membranes were investigated in this experimentation. When the membrane was prepared with 18 wt % EC, 20 wt % N,N‐dimethylformamide in casting solution, 13 min evaporation time and 0°C temperature of water bath for the gelation of the membrane, and the operating pressure and feed solution of (R,S)‐2‐phenyl‐1‐propanol were 0.2 MPa and 1.5 mg/mL, respectively, over 90% of enantiomeric excess (e.e.) and 44.2 (mg/m² h) of flux were obtained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

JP级钢管磷化的研究

在实验和优化的基础上，阐述了中温磷化的条件。首先改进了磷化液的组成及配制工艺，该磷化液主要由ZnO，HNO3，H3PO4及适量的催化剂组成，组成简单。然后对Q235，Q345，J-55，N-80，P-110等不同钢种进行实验，并对中温条件下不同钢种的磷化膜进行了性能测试及参数的测定。结果表明，磷化效果完全达到工业设计要求。与原有的高温磷化工艺相比，该工艺能耗低、工艺流程简化，并能清洁生产。     

热处理对凹凸棒石结构、形貌和表面性质的影响

通过差热、热重、X射线衍射、透射电镜综合分析研究了凹凸棒石在热处理过程中脱水作用、结构、形貌变化之间的关系.结果表明:在65℃,凹凸棒石开始脱去外表面吸附水,98℃脱去孔道水,凹凸棒石结构、形貌没有任何变化,微孔孔道直径未变.到230℃,部分脱去凹凸棒石的结晶水,由于脱出部分结晶水,凹凸棒石结构开始出现折叠.在481℃,脱去凹凸棒石的剩余结晶水.在595℃左右,缓慢脱去凹凸棒石的结构水,孔道结构完全塌陷,链层结构和形貌基本保持不变.高于800℃,凹凸棒石晶体开始变形弯曲,并变为无定形态.在827℃出现放热效应,形成方石英,这与1 000℃出现严重烧结形貌特征一致.