边缘AI的霜雪识别系统设计与实现

为提高霜雪识别系统的识别率,开展了基于边缘AI的霜雪识别系统设计。综合海思嵌入式处理器Hi3559A高算力、低功耗特点,硬件部分采用模块复用的方法降低功耗和资源消耗,软件部分,从模型训练、模型量化、模型部署入手对MobileNetV2图像分类网络和ISP自适应处理算法进行改进,最终识别率99.7%,预处理时间0.3 s,图像分类时间0.8 s,模组平均功率2 W,鲁棒性好、性能稳定。由此可见Hi3559A智能相机模组可有效纠正雪深探测仪的疑误数据。     

Reactivity study and kinetic evaluation of CuO-based oxygen carriers modified by three different ores in chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) process

In the chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) process,CuO is a promising material due to the high oxygen carrier capacity and exothermic reaction in fuel reactor but limited by the low melting point.The combustion rate of carbon is faster than the decoupling rate of oxygen carrier (OC).Hence,high tem-perature tolerance and rapid oxygen release rate of CuO modified by three different ores were investi-gated in this study.The kinetics analysis of oxygen decoupling with Cu-based oxygen carriers was also evaluated.Results showed that CuO modified by chrysolite had faster oxygen release rate than that of CuO.Limestone showed obvious positive effect on the oxidization process.The selected OCs could keep stable in at least 20 cycles,for about 1200 min.Shrinking core model (SCM) fitted well for the decoupling process in the temperature range of 1123-1223 K.Reduction rate kinetic information may aid in the development of chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) technologies during reactor design and process modeling.Ternary doped copper oxide with chrysolite and limestone could improve the reactivity of CuO in decoupling and coupling process and also improve the high temperature tolerance.     

A panoramic view of Li7P3S11 solid electrolytes synthesis,structural aspects and practical challenges for all-solid-state lithium batteries

The development of an inorganic electrochemical stable solid-state electrolyte is essentially responsible for future state-of-the-art all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Because of their advantages in safety, working temperature, high energy density, and packaging, ASSLBs can develop an ideal energy storage system for modern electric vehicles (EVs). A solid electrolyte (SE) model must have an economical synthesis approach, exhibit electrochemical and chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, and low interfacial resistance. Owing to its highest conductivity of 17 mS·cm^-1, and deformability, the sulfide-based Li₇P₃S₁₁ solid electrolyte is a promising contender for the high-performance bulk type of ASSLBs. Herein, we present a current glimpse of the progress of synthetic procedures, structural aspects, and ionic conductivity improvement strategies. Structural elucidation and mechanistic approaches have been extensively discussed by using various characterization techniques. The chemical stability of Li₇P₃S₁₁ could be enhanced via oxide doping, and hard and soft acid/base (HSAB) concepts are also discussed. The issues to be undertaken for designing the ideal solid electrolytes, interfacial challenges, and high energy density have been discoursed. This review aims to provide a bird's eye view of the recent development of Li₇P₃S₁₁-based solid-state electrolyte applications and explore the strategies for designing new solid electrolytes with a target-oriented approach to enhance the efficiency of high energy density all-solid-state lithium batteries.     

高海拔变电站蓄电池及UPS容量选择及修正

高海拔地区环境温度、空气密度及气压低,在选择变电站站用蓄电池及UPS容量时应进行必要的修正,以满足变电站的用电需求。结合阿里与藏中联网工程的某500 k V变电站项目,对高海拔变电站蓄电池及UPS容量选择进行了探讨分析,希望能为类似工程提供参考。     

磷酸二苯酯催化的2-吲哚甲烷胺衍生物的合成

以磷酸二苯酯为催化剂,3-甲基吲哚类化合物与亚胺通过Friedel-Crafts加成反应一步合成了具有广泛药理活性的2-吲哚基甲烷胺类化合物,对反应条件进行优化。结果表明,当n(3-甲基吲哚类)∶n(亚胺)∶n(磷酸二苯酯)=1.0∶2.0∶0.1,其中,磷酸二苯酯0.0025 mmol,1 mL无水二氯甲烷作溶剂,室温下反应0.5 h时,即可得到高收率2-吲哚基甲烷胺类衍生物（85%~90%）。产物经 1HNMR、13CNMR 和 HRMS 进行了结构确定。     

大型非周期相控阵天线协同设计

针对大型非周期相控阵天线的特点,提出一种多学科、多领域协同设计的方法。然后运用该方法指导两个产品天线设计,围绕协同设计的典型流程和几个关键控制点展开论述。在测试阶段实测天线的主要指标,天线1辐射端面平面度≤1.4 mm,栅瓣电平≤-20 dB,天线2辐射端面平面度≤1.1 mm,栅瓣电平≤-18 dB,实测数据与仿真结果吻合,各项指标优于设计输入要求,使用性能良好,验证协同设计方法的有效性。最后指明大型非周期相控阵天线协同设计的进一步研究方向。     

Differential Subcellular Distribution of Cytokinins: How Does Membrane Transport Fit into the Big Picture?

Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones, signalling molecules specific to plants. They act as regulators of diverse physiological processes in complex signalling pathways. It is necessary for plants to continuously regulate cytokinin distribution among different organs, tissues, cells, and compartments. Such regulatory mechanisms include cytokinin biosynthesis, metabolic conversions and degradation, as well as cytokinin membrane transport. In our review, we aim to provide a thorough picture of the latter. We begin by summarizing cytokinin structures and physicochemical properties. Then, we revise the elementary thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of cytokinin membrane transport. Next, we review which membrane-bound carrier proteins and protein families recognize cytokinins as their substrates. Namely, we discuss the families of “equilibrative nucleoside transporters” and “purine permeases”, which translocate diverse purine-related compounds, and proteins AtPUP14, AtABCG14, AtAZG1, and AtAZG2, which are specific to cytokinins. We also address long-distance cytokinin transport. Putting all these pieces together, we finally discuss cytokinin distribution as a net result of these processes, diverse in their physicochemical nature but acting together to promote plant fitness.     

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides against Multidrug-Resistant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli

Post-weaning diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common disease of piglets and causes great economic loss for the swine industry. Over the past few decades, decreasing effectiveness of conventional antibiotics has caused serious problems because of the growing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Various studies have indicated that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have potential to serve as an alternative to antibiotics owing to rapid killing action and highly selective toxicity. Our previous studies have shown that AMP GW-Q4 and its derivatives possess effective antibacterial activities against the Gram-negative bacteria. Hence, in the current study, we evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of GW-Q4 and its derivatives against MDR ETEC and their minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values were determined to be around 2~32 μg/mL. Among them, AMP Q4-15a-1 with the second lowest MIC (4 μg/mL) and the highest minimal hemolysis concentration (MHC, 256 μg/mL), thus showing the greatest selectivity (MHC/MIC = 64) was selected for further investigations. Moreover, Q4-15a-1 showed dose-dependent bactericidal activity against MDR ETEC in time–kill curve assays. According to the cellular localization and membrane integrity analyses using confocal microscopy, Q4-15a-1 can rapidly interact with the bacterial surface, disrupt the membrane and enter cytosol in less than 30 min. Minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of Q4-15a-1 is 4× MIC (16 μg/mL), indicating that Q4-15a-1 is effective against MDR ETEC biofilm. Besides, we established an MDR ETEC infection model with intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1). In this infection model, 32 μg/mL Q4-15a-1 can completely inhibit ETEC adhesion onto IPEC-1. Overall, these results suggested that Q4-15a-1 may be a promising antibacterial candidate for treatment of weaned piglets infected by MDR ETEC.