从郊天与封禅看玉器在古代国家宗法政治中的地位

为了进一步了解中国远古玉文化在古代国家宗法政治中的作用和地位，从历代礼祭活动中遴选出两个重要礼典——郊天和封禅，详细阐述了郊天与封禅礼祭中的用玉礼制，并分析了玉器在宗法政治中发挥的重要作用．指出中国远古玉文化与中国古代国家统治理论有着不可分割的依存关系，在中华民族文化中占有重要的历史地位。     

INVESTIGATION OF ACID DEPOSITION EFFECTS ON SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN RED SPRUCE (Picea rubens) BY DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM,MAGNESIUM, AND ALUMINUM IN FOLIAGE AND SURROUNDING SOIL USING ICP-OES

Red spruce (Picea rubens) are conifers found at high elevations (above 1370 m) sites in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. A decline of red spruce forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountains caused by atmospheric acid deposition has been reported since the 1970s. Acid deposition leaches essential nutrients (calcium and magnesium) out of the soil and increases the availability of toxic metals (aluminum) to plants. Acid deposition effects on red spruce forests were investigated by determining aluminum, calcium, and magnesium in foliage and surrounding soils using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). There was some correlation in nutrient or toxic metal concentrations found in the foliage or surrounding soils of red spruce trees with respect to elevation and geography of red spruce forests located in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. The majority of the results indicated that foliar nutrient or toxic metal concentrations from red spruce trees did not correlate with soil metal concentrations. Life stage of red spruces trees were independent of foliar or soil metal concentrations. A previously developed model using soil calcium/aluminum molar ratios suggested that almost all sample sites located in the Southern Appalachian Mountains are at high risk of adverse forests health effects. A comparison of red spruce sapling foliar calcium/aluminum ratios at Clingman's Dome, North Carolina/Tennessee, suggested a possible improvement since the 1980s in red spruce forest health. A comparison of sapling red spruce foliar calcium and magnesium concentrations with previous studies, which spanned 40 years, at Richland Balsam, North Carolina, suggested an improvement in red spruce health since 1994.     

世界文化遗产地匠作研究——五台山石作技艺与组织经营机制的演化与发展

世界文化遗产地五台山是中国佛教四大名山之一,该地区长久以来形成了服务于周边佛教寺院群的诸多匠作门类.典型者如石作,在华北乃至中国北方地区均属首屈一指.此类技艺既是现有文化遗产、特别是非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分,又对文化遗产地风土特色的保持与发展具有重要的实践价值.该文首先通过动态的实证分析与比较研究,初步理清出五台山...     

基于3D-GIS的智慧泰山景区信息集成平台

论述了在智慧地球框架下构建智慧泰山景区信息集成平台总体方案.该方案从网络化感知、专业化规则和智能化服务3个方面将包括GPS、视频监控、门禁票务、遥感监测等实时数据有机地融合到一起,形成了一个智慧化的泰山景区综合服务体系.智慧泰山景区信息集成平台建成后已经成功地应用于泰山景区的虚拟旅游服务、客流监控与管理、病虫害监测等多...     

Improving volcanic ash cloud detection by a robust satellite technique

Automated and reliable satellite-based techniques are strongly required for volcanic ash cloud detection and tracking. In fact, volcanic ash clouds pose a serious hazard for air traffic and the synoptic (and possibly frequent) coverage offered by satellites can provide exciting opportunities for monitoring activities as well as for risk mitigation purposes.A new, AVHRR-based technique for improved automatic detection of volcanic clouds by means of multi-temporal analysis of historical, long-term satellite records has been recently proposed. The technique basically rests on the Robust AVHRR Techniques (RAT) approach, which is an innovative strategy of satellite data analysis, devoted to a former characterisation of the measured signal, in terms of expected value and natural variability and a further recognition of signal anomalies by an automatic, unsupervised change detection step. In this work, an extension of this method to nighttime observations is presented, by using thermal infrared information coming from AVHRR bands centred approximately at 3.5, 11.0 and 12.0 μm. Results achieved for two recent eruptive events of Mount Etna (occurred in May 2000 and in July 2001) seem to be encouraging, showing clear improvements in terms of ash detection sensitivity as well as in terms of false alarms reduction. The technique performance is also evaluated by comparison with the traditional “split-window” brightness temperature difference method; this exercise revealed a general improvement obtained by the proposed approach, even though some common problems still remain unsolved. The main merits of such an approach are its intrinsic self-adaptability to different environmental/natural/observational conditions and its natural exportability also to different satellite sensors. The results here presented show the benefits of such a technique especially when different observational conditions (time of pass, seasonal period, atmospheric moisture, solar illumination, volcanic cloud composition, satellite angles of view, etc.) are considered.The future prospects, also in terms of possible operational scenarios, coming from the implementation of such an approach on the new generation of satellite sensors (like, for example, SEVIRI aboard Meteosat Second Generation platform) are also discussed.     

交通仿真统一信息平台的开发实践

交通仿真统一信息平台是建立在交通仿真基础上,整合交通数据采集、信息传输、数据标准化处理、数据分析、交通仿真、信息发布并提供信息服务的系统。它实现了信息共享,以提供信息服务为目的。该平台能有效地连接当前各个子系统,实现各系统数据共享和交换,同时具备良好的扩展性能。     

一种自动光学检测系统的多阶段路径规划算法

针对检测表面贴片产品缺陷的光学检测系统,提出一种三阶段的快速路径规划算法。该算法前两个阶段形成初步的检测路径,第三阶段利用顺序检测窗口的几何关系,迭代的调整检测窗口的中心位置,以减少检测路径长度和检测窗口数量。最后仿真实验证明了该算法是一种实用的快速的规划算法。     

道教名山成熟风景范式下的安徽齐云山 在地化营建

作为在道教名山风景范式成熟下发展鼎盛的道教名山,如何融合区域及山岳特色达到范式的在地化转换？为探究这一问题,选取鼎盛于明中期且具有独特区域文化特征、山岳自然特征的安徽齐云山为研究对象,利用古今图文资料进行特定背景下的名山在地化风景营建分析。结果表明：1)齐云山的规划布局充分体现了道教名山成熟风景范式下的“天路历程”时代特征,但也存在“九里十三亭”这类特殊地段,同时还因山岳较武当山、泰山等海拔较低而更倾向于通过横向逶迤布置不同空间序列及山体断裂抬升等来达到“天路”意境;2)在地域习俗及山岳特色地质地貌的影响下,齐云山将范式内的具体景观空间进行了较为明显的在地化,世俗空间以依山势连续有规律构建的名山建设孤例“九里十三亭”和居高临崖、民商融合的中国道教第一村“月华天街”为主,承担世俗服务功能的同时也强化了山岳的神圣性;神圣空间除道教名山一般具有的从“无”到“有”营建的宫观祠庵外,主要包括自然地景神圣化后形成的3类廊道式丹霞洞穴圣所和各类峰石神物,着重利用从“自然场所”到“自然圣所”的空间转换来实现宗教功能。     

奉化古句城探析──兼论宁波简称“甬”的起源

作者对奉化古句城的出土文物进行了调查与分析,证明古句城是越王勾践的“水上强国”基地和备都,又是“十年生聚,十年教训”的卧薪尝胆之处。进而证实宁波的简称“甬”,其源在甬山下的古句城。     

SMT焊点质量检测方法

介绍了SMT焊点质量常用检测方法,包括从外观到内部组织机构、从电性能到机械性能等各项检测的原理和应用范围,并分析了在工艺、制造和使用过程中出现的各种焊点失效机理,并从焊点几何结构设计、钎料性质及材料热匹配等方面提出了降低失效率、提高焊点可靠性的途径。