Fast k most similar neighbor classifier for mixed data (tree k-MSN)

The k nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier has been a widely used nonparametric technique in Pattern Recognition, because of its simplicity and good performance. In order to decide the class of a new prototype, the k-NN classifier performs an exhaustive comparison between the prototype to classify and the prototypes in the training set T. However, when T is large, the exhaustive comparison is expensive. For this reason, many fast k-NN classifiers have been developed, some of them are based on a tree structure, which is created during a preprocessing phase using the prototypes in T. Then, in a search phase, the tree is traversed to find the nearest neighbor. The speed up is obtained, while the exploration of some parts of the tree is avoided using pruning rules which are usually based on the triangle inequality. However, in soft sciences as Medicine, Geology, Sociology, etc., the prototypes are usually described by numerical and categorical attributes (mixed data), and sometimes the comparison function for computing the similarity between prototypes does not satisfy metric properties. Therefore, in this work an approximate fast k most similar neighbor classifier, for mixed data and similarity functions that do not satisfy metric properties, based on a tree structure (Tree k-MSN) is proposed. Some experiments with synthetic and real data are presented.     

不确定性对象的反向最近邻查询

多数不确定性对象的反向近邻查询不能明确回答某个不确定性对象是否为查询对象的反向最近邻,针对该问题,提出概率反向最近邻查询的概念,设计不确定性对象的概率反向最近邻查询的索引结构,给出一种基于该结构的不确定性对象的反向最近邻查询算法。     

时空数据异常探测方法

以“k倍标准差”准则为基础,提出一种专题属性双重偏离的时空异常检测方法,在每个要素的空间邻近域里采用“k倍标准差”准则探测各时刻的空间异常数据,在每个空间异常数据的时间邻近域中,再次使用该准则判断该要素是否为时序异常,并将所有空间和时间邻近域上均表现为异常的数据定义为时空异常。实验结果表明,该方法是有效可行的。     

一种障碍空间中不确定对象的连续最近邻查询方法

近年来,基于位置的服务获得了越来越广泛的关注,其中最近邻查询是最常用的一种查询方式.测量手段的不准确性以及数据本身的性质导致不确定性在位置数据中普遍存在,这种不确定性会对最近邻查询结果产生影响.空间中障碍物的存在也给空间数据查询带来了挑战.文中研究存在障碍物的空间中不确定对象连续最近邻查询的处理方法,设计了一种剪枝策略大幅降低需要计算的不确定对象数目,并进一步提出了障碍空间中不确定对象最近邻查询安全区域的概念及安全区域生成算法.设计了安全区域的索引存储方法.实验结果表明,文章所提出的方法具有良好的效率和可扩展性.     

ADAPTIVE RANKS CLONE AND k‐NEAREST NEIGHBOR LIST–BASED IMMUNE MULTI‐OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION

Artificial immune systems (AIS) are computational systems inspired by the principles and processes of the vertebrate immune system. The AIS‐based algorithms typically exploit the immune system's characteristics of learning and adaptability to solve some complicated problems. Although, several AIS‐based algorithms have proposed to solve multi‐objective optimization problems (MOPs), little focus have been placed on the issues that adaptively use the online discovered solutions. Here, we proposed an adaptive selection scheme and an adaptive ranks clone scheme by the online discovered solutions in different ranks. Accordingly, the dynamic information of the online antibody population is efficiently exploited, which is beneficial to the search process. Furthermore, it has been widely approved that one‐off deletion could not obtain excellent diversity in the final population; therefore, a k‐nearest neighbor list (where k is the number of objectives) is established and maintained to eliminate the solutions in the archive population. The k‐nearest neighbors of each antibody are founded and stored in a list memory. Once an antibody with minimal product of k‐nearest neighbors is deleted, the neighborhood relations of the remaining antibodies in the list memory are updated. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested on 10 well‐known and frequently used multi‐objective problems and two many‐objective problems with 4, 6, and 8 objectives. Compared with five other state‐of‐the‐art multi‐objective algorithms, namely NSGA‐II, SPEA2, IBEA, HYPE, and NNIA, our method achieves comparable results in terms of convergence, diversity metrics, and computational time.     

基于改进联合模型的人脸表情识别

在联合主动表观模型和主动形状模型的基础上,充分挖掘标定点之间的联系,提出一种局部纹理模型构建方法。通过改进匹配算法提高特征点的定位精度和匹配速度。将该算法提取到的人脸表情特征输入最近邻分类器,分类结果表明其识别率较高。     

基于共享近邻的自适应谱聚类

谱聚类是一种极具竞争力的聚类算法.相似度定义对谱聚类算法的性能有至关重要的影响.本文用两点的共享近邻数目表征局部密度,从而获知隐含的簇结构信息.将这一信息与自调节的高斯核函数结合,提出了基于共享近邻的自适应相似度及相应的谱聚类算法.它满足聚类假设的要求,具有局部密度的自适应性,能有效识别数据点之间的内在联系.典型人工和真实数据集上的实验结果证明了算法的有效性.     

空间数据库中一种自适应的缓存替换策略

随着近年来空间数据库研究和应用的不断深入,针对空间数据库中数据组织和查询的特征来设计缓存页面替换策略成为一个新的研究问题.Voronoi图是一种重要的空间数据库组织技术,在处理kNN查询时具有非常好的性能.针对Voronoi图组织的空间数据库,首先利用空间局部性提出了一种基于欧氏距离的替换策略,在发生页面失效时选择距离上一次访问页面欧氏距离最远的页面进行替换;进一步,针对不同kNN查询的搜索空间大小差异非常大的特点,在LIRS替换策略基础上提出一种自适应替换策略,通过对HIR页面占缓存比例自动调整来适应不同的查询.综合两者,形成基于欧氏距离的自适应缓存页面替换算法AELIRS.大量实验表明,在缓存大小与搜索空间大范围变动中,AELIRS始终优于其他替换策略.     

球面上的K最近邻查询算法

针对球面上数据对象点集的特征和K最近邻查询的需求,提出2种处理球面上K最近邻查询的算法:基于查询轴的K最近邻查询算法(PAM方法)和基于查询圆面的K最近邻查询算法(PCM方法).对2种算法进行实验比较,结果表明,PAM方法和PCM方法都适合处理球面上的最近邻查询问题,PAM方法在存储量和查询复杂度方面相对于PCM方法具...     

基于障碍物群的k全局相异最优有序路径查询

提出障碍k全局相异最优有序路径的查询问题,利用可视图的思想给出近似查询算法,通过作用集与障碍角度点的引入有效地减少构造可视图障碍对象的数量,分析查询点和数据点构成的线段与可视图的顶点和弧的关系,减少内部障碍路径的计算次数,实现算法的全面优化。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的性能。