The comparative effect of a mixed urea,ammonium nitrate,ammonium sulphate granular formulation on the efficiency of N recovery by perennial ryegrass

The¹⁵N isotope was used to study the mode of action of individual nitrogen sources in a 30% urea:30% ammonium nitrate: 10% ammonium sulphate:30% filler (w/w) granular fertilizer for perennial ryegrass in a greenhouse pot experiment. The fertilizer consisted of two types of granules, one containing 80% urea and 20% filler and the second containing 48% ammonium nitrate (AN), 16% ammonium sulphate (AS) and 36% filler. In addition the effect of dolomite compared with silica as the filler was investigated on nitrogen recovery from the 30:30:10:30 formulation.Dolomite adversely affected the recovery of nitrate N from the system and evidence suggested that MgCO₃ was the active component. Granules containing dolomite resulted in a lower dry-matter yield than those containing silica, however the difference was not significant as nitrate contributed only 20% of the N in the formulation. AN gave the greatest DM yield and urea the lowest with AS being intermediate. The¹⁵N budget in shoots, roots and soil indicated that only 65% of the N from urea was recovered at the end of the experiment compared with 86% for AN and 91% for AS. The dry-matter yield of the 30:30:10:30 formulation using silica as the filler was intermediate between urea and AN; however, the apparent N recovery was significantly higher than expected from the sum of the individual components. The use of¹⁵N labelling indicated that using separate granules for ammonium N and urea the recovery of urea was improved by 11% in the triple N mixture when both AN and AS were present in the second granule compared to the recovery on its own. The enhanced recovery of urea appeared to be a function of AN and AS acting together as neither source in double combination with urea had any effect on urea N recovery.Urea enhanced the recovery of nitrate N by 10% but decreased the recovery of AS by 6% (in the 30:30:10:30 formulation) in comparison with the single sources on their own. The results indicate that interactions can occur between N sources even when they are physically separated by being in different granules.     

胺烷基化聚羟基酸酰胺类超分散剂的研制及应用

对胺烷基化聚羟基酸酰胺的合成方法进行研究，确立了反应条件与制得的聚羟基酸酯特征之间的一些相互关系。并为获得适当长度的聚酯链选择了最佳合成条件。同时扼要论述了这类超分散剂的结构特性，以及对于颜料粒子表面吸附作用、分散体系的稳定作用以及对涂料、油墨生产的重要意义。     

无压烧结Al2O3/Si3N4纳米复合陶瓷的力学性能

本文对Al2O3／Si3N4体系进行无压烧结。获得试样相对密度大于98％，采用物相分析，烧结体中并没有Si3N4颗粒存在而是形成SIALON相。Si3N4和Al2O3反应生成的β-SIALON相颗粒不仅分布在Al2O3晶粒晶界处也存在于Al2O3晶粒内部，形成独特的“内晶型”结构。当受到外力时既能诱发穿晶断裂，又能引起裂纹偏转，从而起到增强的作用。由于产生晶界滑移，韧性有所下降。     

Aboveground nitrogen in relation to estimated total plant uptake in maize and bean

The main objective of this field study was to estimate the total plant uptake of soil mineral N in maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in crop rotations under different N content in Nicaragua. Secondary objectives were to estimate the fraction of the measured soil mineral N content taken up in this way, and to determine how the measured N in plant aboveground parts was related to the total mineral N uptake. A large variation in N content was obtained by using data from fertilisation experiments. Plant total N uptake was estimated as the residual N in a mass balance calculation of soil mineral N. Mineral N content in the top 0–0.3 m soil layer in the field cultivations and in tubes isolated from root uptake, and N content in aboveground plant parts were measured every 30 days. Estimated plant total uptake of soil mineral N varied considerably (2.5–14 g N m⁻² 30 day⁻¹) over periods and N treatments. The range of variation was similar for maize and bean. The fraction of the soil mineral N that was taken up by the plant daily varied more in maize (about 0.03–0.12 day⁻¹) than in bean (about 0.05–0.08 day⁻¹). Our results suggest that monthly changes in N in aboveground plant parts were linearly related to plant total N uptake during the same period. Aboveground plant N constituted between about 55% and 80% of total uptake of soil mineral N in maize depending on period within season, whereas for bean it was more constant and smaller (about 40%).     

N，O，O′─三（对甲苯磺酰基）双（2─羟乙基）胺的合成

二乙醇胺和对甲苯磺酰氯在三乙胺存在下，反应生成Ｎ，０，Ｏ′－三（对甲苯磺酰基）双（２－羟乙基）胺，产率９３％。从反应混合物中分离得副产物Ｎ，Ｏ－二（对甲苯磺酰基）双（２－羟乙基）胺。     

几种无机阴离子对TiO_2催化活性影响的实验研究

以N掺杂TiO2试剂为催化剂,降解偶氮直接耐酸大红4BS溶液,同时外加4种浓度不同的阴离子溶液,探讨了HCO3-,F-,NO3-,H2PO4-等阴离子对N/TiO2化学试剂催化活性的影响。实验表明,HCO3-,F-,NO3-,H2PO4-等阴离子对N/TiO2化学试剂的催化活性有显著影响。因此,可以通过外加不同的离子来提高或降低N/TiO2的活性。     

合成1-[4-(二甲氨基)苯基]马来酰亚胺的新方法

介绍了以生产香兰素主要副产物Ｎ，Ｎ—二甲基对苯二胺为原料，通过缩合、闭环等反应，以７５％总收率合成了标题化合物。元素分析、色谱－质谱联用、红外光谱及′ＨＮＭＲ谱等鉴定结果证明，该合成的化合物是一种纯度高，熔点为１５４℃～１５５℃的红棕色针状晶体，分子结构式为：     

肌氨酸钠的合成研究

研究了合成肌氨酸钠的新方法，在优化合成条件的基础上，确定了此合成方法的最佳工艺条件：n羟基乙腈：n甲胺（物质的量比）为1：1．10－1：1．15；nNaOH:n羟基乙腈（物质的量比）为1：1．46－1：1．56；综合反应温度为10℃；水解温度为90－100℃；缩合反应滴加后的反应时间为1h。并且得出了较高的收率。     

关于高氮尿素磷肥工艺的试验研究

介绍一种用尿素生产高氮磷肥的新工艺 ,分析该工艺的技术参数和影响因素。新工艺克服了过磷酸钙和尿素直接相混时会释放出结晶水的局限性 ,所得产品不仅可以作为复肥生产的原料 ,而且可以直接喷浆造粒生产NP复肥 ,因而具有良好的实用性     

Characterization and application of polypropylene films modified with stimuli‐sensitive copolymers with an Ar‐plasma postpolymerization technique

Surface‐modified polypropylene (PP) films with thermally and photochemically sensitive copolymers consisting of N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and 4‐(4‐methoxyphenylazo)phenyl methacrylate (MPAP), poly(HPMA‐co‐MPAP)‐g‐PP (abbreviated g‐PP) film, were prepared by graft copolymerization with an Ar‐plasma postpolymerization technique. The surfaces of the g‐PP films were characterized by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy; the percentage grafting of poly(HPMA‐co‐MPAP) with a number‐average molecular weight of 3.28 × 10⁴ was 7.12%, and the molar ratio of HPMA–MPAH in the copolymer was 0.75:0.25. The stimuli‐sensitive adsorption of albumin and polystyrene microspheres on the g‐PP film was also measured. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 143–148, 2003