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61.
X.M. Tian S. Adhikari S. Adhikary H. Uchida M. Umeno T. Soga T. Jimbo 《Diamond and Related Materials》2005,14(11-12):1839
Nitrogen incorporated diamond like carbon films have been deposited by microwave surface wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MW-SWP-CVD), using methane (CH4) as the source of carbon and with different nitrogen flow rates (N2 / CH4 flow ratios between 0 and 3). The influence of the nitrogen incorporation on the optical, structural properties and surface morphology of the carbon films were investigated using different spectroscopic techniques. The nitrogen has been incorporated into DLC:N films which was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement. Moreover, the nitrogen incorporation was accompanied by a variation in the optical gap, which was attributed to the removal or creation of band tail states. 相似文献
62.
The monomer 5,5‐dimethyl‐3‐(3′‐triethoxysilylpropyl)hydantoin and its hydrolysis product polymer poly[3‐(5,5‐dimethylhydantoinylpropyl)hydroxysiloxane] were employed to functionalize the surfaces of silica gel particles in order to produce an adhered film that becomes biocidal upon chlorination with dilute sodium hypochlorite bleach. The biocidal efficacy of the functionalized silica gel was demonstrated in a cartridge filter experiment against the bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Complete 6 log inactivations of the two bacterial species were observed within 30 s of contact. Moreover, upon loss of biocidal activity due to depletion of bound chlorine, the coated silica gel particles could be recharged by further exposure to dilute bleach. Potential uses of the biocidal silica gel include disinfection and odor control in water treatment facilities and recirculating baths. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3448–3454, 2006 相似文献
63.
In a laboratory experiment 5 cm depth of water was allowed to percolate daily down through a 15 cm thick soil (Typic Ustipsamment) layer. It was observed that leaching losses of urea supergranules (USG)-N could be decreased by about 20% by the placement of four 0.25 g granules at four points instead of one 1 g granule at one point. In field microplots, the placement of approximately 30 granules of 0.30 g size instead of 9 granules of 1.00 g size resulted in reduced leaching of USG-N and, in turn, increased rice yield. In a follow-up field study, the advantage of more frequently placed USG was confirmed. As compared with 1 g USG placed in the usual manner in the center of four rice hills, increasing the density of placement in soil produced 15% more rice grain. Further increase in rice yield could be obtained by increasing the number of USG placed in the soil and decreasing the size of the granule from 1.00 g to 0.70 or 0.35 g. With USG of 0.35 and 0.70 g yields were equal or sometimes even slightly higher than with split application of prilled urea on a heavily percolating, low-CEC, light-textured soil. 相似文献
64.
Since the mid-1970s new types of forest damage are observed in the Federal Republic of Germany. Typical damage symptoms in coniferous tree species are needle yellowing, reddening and premature loss of older foliage. Needle analysis carried out in damaged Norway spruce stands indicated that these phenomena, most of all needle yellowing, are influenced by the nutritional status of the trees. For the investigated sites Mg but also other elements, particularly P, S, K, Ca and Zn may play a causal role. As N is the most abundant element in the plant its form of uptake is important for a balanced nutrition. On the contrary to NO3-N high NH4-N uptake reduces the uptake of cations, particularly Mg and Ca, eventually inducing foliar discoloration symptoms on specific sites. Fertilizer experiments indicated that Mg fertilization is an appropriate tool to mitigate forest damages associated with Mg deficiency for a sustained time period. The application of N in the form of NH4-N may impede Mg uptake. This mechanism may cause severe damage in forest areas receiving continuously high NH4-N deposition. 相似文献
65.
66.
Catherine J Watson 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1987,14(3):193-204
The15N isotope was used to study the mode of action of individual nitrogen sources in a 30% urea:30% ammonium nitrate: 10% ammonium sulphate:30% filler (w/w) granular fertilizer for perennial ryegrass in a greenhouse pot experiment. The fertilizer consisted of two types of granules, one containing 80% urea and 20% filler and the second containing 48% ammonium nitrate (AN), 16% ammonium sulphate (AS) and 36% filler. In addition the effect of dolomite compared with silica as the filler was investigated on nitrogen recovery from the 30:30:10:30 formulation.Dolomite adversely affected the recovery of nitrate N from the system and evidence suggested that MgCO3 was the active component. Granules containing dolomite resulted in a lower dry-matter yield than those containing silica, however the difference was not significant as nitrate contributed only 20% of the N in the formulation. AN gave the greatest DM yield and urea the lowest with AS being intermediate. The15N budget in shoots, roots and soil indicated that only 65% of the N from urea was recovered at the end of the experiment compared with 86% for AN and 91% for AS. The dry-matter yield of the 30:30:10:30 formulation using silica as the filler was intermediate between urea and AN; however, the apparent N recovery was significantly higher than expected from the sum of the individual components. The use of15N labelling indicated that using separate granules for ammonium N and urea the recovery of urea was improved by 11% in the triple N mixture when both AN and AS were present in the second granule compared to the recovery on its own. The enhanced recovery of urea appeared to be a function of AN and AS acting together as neither source in double combination with urea had any effect on urea N recovery.Urea enhanced the recovery of nitrate N by 10% but decreased the recovery of AS by 6% (in the 30:30:10:30 formulation) in comparison with the single sources on their own. The results indicate that interactions can occur between N sources even when they are physically separated by being in different granules. 相似文献
67.
68.
Francisco Salmerón-Miranda Birgitta Båth Henrik Eckersten Johannes Forkman Maria Wivstad 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2007,79(2):125-139
The main objective of this field study was to estimate the total plant uptake of soil mineral N in maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in crop rotations under different N content in Nicaragua. Secondary objectives were to estimate the fraction of
the measured soil mineral N content taken up in this way, and to determine how the measured N in plant aboveground parts was
related to the total mineral N uptake. A large variation in N content was obtained by using data from fertilisation experiments.
Plant total N uptake was estimated as the residual N in a mass balance calculation of soil mineral N. Mineral N content in
the top 0–0.3 m soil layer in the field cultivations and in tubes isolated from root uptake, and N content in aboveground
plant parts were measured every 30 days. Estimated plant total uptake of soil mineral N varied considerably (2.5–14 g N m−2 30 day−1) over periods and N treatments. The range of variation was similar for maize and bean. The fraction of the soil mineral N
that was taken up by the plant daily varied more in maize (about 0.03–0.12 day−1) than in bean (about 0.05–0.08 day−1). Our results suggest that monthly changes in N in aboveground plant parts were linearly related to plant total N uptake
during the same period. Aboveground plant N constituted between about 55% and 80% of total uptake of soil mineral N in maize
depending on period within season, whereas for bean it was more constant and smaller (about 40%). 相似文献
69.
N,O,O′─三(对甲苯磺酰基)双(2─羟乙基)胺的合成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
二乙醇胺和对甲苯磺酰氯在三乙胺存在下,反应生成N,0,O′-三(对甲苯磺酰基)双(2-羟乙基)胺,产率93%。从反应混合物中分离得副产物N,O-二(对甲苯磺酰基)双(2-羟乙基)胺。 相似文献
70.
以N掺杂TiO2试剂为催化剂,降解偶氮直接耐酸大红4BS溶液,同时外加4种浓度不同的阴离子溶液,探讨了HCO3-,F-,NO3-,H2PO4-等阴离子对N/TiO2化学试剂催化活性的影响。实验表明,HCO3-,F-,NO3-,H2PO4-等阴离子对N/TiO2化学试剂的催化活性有显著影响。因此,可以通过外加不同的离子来提高或降低N/TiO2的活性。 相似文献