城市异质植被的覆盖度估算模型比较研究

植被覆盖度是城市生态环境评价的一个重要指标。针对亚热带城市异质植被覆盖特征,选择像元尺度的植被指数(NDVI)转换模型、亚像元尺度的植被—土壤两端元模型(V-S Model)和植被—高—低反射率三端元模型(V-H-L Model)在TM影像上估算植被覆盖度,并结合野外实地调查对比验证3种模型的估算精度及其适用性。结果表明模型尺度和背景亮度对植被覆盖度估算有着不同程度的影响。NDVI转换模型整体高估覆盖度为27%,V-S模型和V-H-L模型整体低估覆盖度分别为23%和5%;验证结果证明:NDVI转换模型对高密度(60%)植被的估算结果最好,低估4%;V-H-L模型对中密度(40%~60%)和低密度(40%)植被的估算结果最优,仅低估2%,并受背景亮度的影响最小。因此,NDVI转换模型适用于高密度植被覆盖度的估算,亚像元尺度下的V-S模型和V-H-L模型适用于低、中密度植被覆盖度的估算,并以V-H-L模型估算较为准确。     

HJ-1星多光谱影像火烧迹地信息提取研究——以百色市为例

为识别火烧迹地等地类,以广西百色市为研究区,采用HJ-1星多光谱影像数据近红外波段光谱值、林火发生前后两时相各自NDVI值以及NDVI变化值,基于先验知识和统计分析构建决策树分类模型,通过与传统最大似然分类提取结果的比较分析,表明基于多特征的决策树模型能够有效地对HJ-1星多光谱遥感数据进行火烧迹地等地类提取,在研究区并具有良好的推广性。     

时序NDVI数据集重建方法评价与实例研究

时序NDVI数据集已经成功地应用于全球与区域环境变化、植被动态变化、土地覆盖变化和植物生物物理量参数反演等方面的研究。受到大气条件和传感器自身因素的制约,虽然经过严格的预处理,时序NDVI数据集仍包含很多噪声,影响其进一步的应用。首先介绍了近几年来普遍使用的6种时序NDVI数据集的重建方法：改进的最佳指数斜率提取法、均值迭代滤波法、Savitzky-Golay滤波法、傅立叶变换法、非对称高斯函数拟合法和时间序列谐波分析法 |然后采用这几种方法对张掖地区2007年和2008年10 d最大值合成的SPOT/VEGETATION的时序NDVI数据进行了重建,对重建结果进行了比较和评价 |最后对人为的噪声序列进行重建,对重建结果的优缺点进行评价。     

基于多源干旱指数的黄淮海平原干旱监测

黄淮海平原是我国重要的粮食基地,由于季风、气候等的影响,干旱频发,严重影响了粮食生产,实时监测黄淮海平原的干旱情况,对于合理制定农业政策、指导农业生产具有重要意义。基于MODIS反射率产品、温度产品和气象站点降雨数据等,采用改进归一化水指数(MNDWI)、植被健康指数(VHI)和标准化降水指数(SPI),对黄淮海平原2001~2012年干旱情况进行监测,分析其空间、季节、年际变化规律及其潜在原因,并根据结果确定3个指数的使用条件。结果发现:黄淮海平原燕山山麓和太行山山麓受西伯利亚冬季风的影响,同时由于春天植被覆盖少,水份蒸发较快,易发生春旱;农作物区在海拔25~100m之间比其他地区要干旱;12年间2003年干旱最弱。所采用遥感指数由于对水分温度敏感适用于实时监测,而气象指数SPI适用于长时间序列的干旱变化监测,亦可用于干旱预测。     

1990—2015年宁波市热岛效应特征与人口资源环境分析

针对目前城市中心越来越明显的城市热岛效应,基于Landsat系列数据和MODIS遥感数据,以宁波市中心城区为研究区域,运用地理信息系统技术和Pearson相关性分析方法,进行地表温度与其他因素的长时间序列的相关性变化分析.结果表明:1990—2015年间,宁波市中心城区热岛效应变化显著;其地表温度与NDVI呈负相关性,...     

遥感定量分析水电梯级开发对流域植被环境影响

针对水电梯级开发将改变水资源时空分布并引起流域植被环境的变化,以湖北省清江流域为例,采用基于归一化差异植被指数的像元分解模型和TM/ETM+遥感数据对研究区域水电梯级开发不同时期的植被环境态变化进行了定量估算.结果表明,该法有效可行,且水电梯级开发对清江流域植被境的影响较大,1987～2004年清江中下游的植被环境有较大改善.     

A Method for Detecting the Damage of Apocheima Cinerarius Erschoff based on MODIS Time Series:Case Studies in Bachu Populus Euphratica Forest of Xinjiang Province

In recent years,the damage of Apocheima Cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang province has seriously threatened the survival and green barrier function of natural Populus euphratica.Due to the large coverage and high tree body of Populus euphratica,traditional monitoring methods are difficult to meet the requirement of rapid monitoring of pest.In this study,the NDVI time series data set of Xiamale forestry in Xinjiang Bachu was reconstructed from the MODIS data from 2014 to the first half of 2017,and the NDVI time series curves were further fitted by three filters.It is found that the S|G filter can preserve more details of the original curve,and the global fitting can weaken the heterogeneity effectively,so that the vegetation coverage space is better.Through the analysis of the NDVI time series data of the aircraft control area and the comparison with catastrophe point of the non|flight zone,it is found that the aircraft biological agent means has obvious and continual effects on the controlling of insect pests.proven by the investigation of pest’s population on the ground..The results showed that it was feasible to analyse the insect pests by using the time series of Populus euphratica NDVI.     

冬小麦播期的卫星遥感及应用

播种日期对冬小麦生长发育、产量和品质形成均有一定的影响。利用2003年拔节期的Landsat TM卫星的NDVI数据．成功地监测了冬小麦的播种日期。提出了基于NDVI和播种日期的冬小麦的遥感估产的优化模型，并在抽穗期至乳熟期的3次生育期的遥感估产中得到了成功验证与应用。利用出粉率与播种日期的显相关特性，采用拔节期的Landsat TM卫星的NDVI数据，成功预测了小麦籽粒的出粉率。     

A method to convert AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index time series to a standard viewing and illumination geometry

The bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) alters the seasonal and inter-annual variations exhibited in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and this hampers the detection and, consequently, the interpretation of temporal variations in land-surface vegetation. The magnitude and sign of bi-directional effects in commonly used AVHRR data sets depend on land-surface properties, atmospheric composition and the type of atmospheric correction that is applied to the data. We develop an approach to estimate BRDF effects in AVHRR NDVI time series using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) BRDF kernels and subsequently adjust NDVI time series to a standard illumination and viewing geometry. The approach is tested on NDVI time series that are simulated for representative AVHRR viewing and illumination geometry. These time series are simulated with a canopy radiative transfer model coupled to an atmospheric radiative transfer model for four different land cover types—tropical forest, boreal forest, temperate forest and grassland - and five different atmospheric conditions - turbid and clear top-of-atmosphere, turbid and clear top-of-atmosphere with a correction for ozone absorption and Rayleigh scattering applied (Pathfinder AVHRR Land data) and ground-observations (fully corrected for atmospheric effects). The simulations indicate that the timing of key phenological stages, such as start and end of growing season and time of maximum greenness, is affected by BRDF effects. Moreover, BRDF effects vary with latitude and season and increase over the time of operation of subsequent NOAA satellites because of orbital drift. Application of the MODIS kernels on simulated NVDI data results in a 50% to 85% reduction of BRDF effects. When applied to the global 18-year global Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Pathfinder data we find BRDF effects similar in magnitude to those in the simulations. Our analysis of the global data shows that BRDF effects are especially large in high latitudes; here we find that in at least 20% of the data BRDF errors are too large for accurate detection of seasonal and interannual variability. These large BRDF errors tend to compensate, however, when averaged over latitude.     

Changes in land surface temperatures and NDVI values over Europe between 1982 and 1999

We used land surface temperature (LST) algorithms and NDVI values to estimate changes in vegetation in the European continent between 1982 and 1999 from the Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) dataset. These two parameters are monitored through HANTS (Harmonic ANalysis of Time Series) software, which allows the simultaneous observation of mean value, first harmonic amplitude and phase behaviors in the same image. These results for each complete year of data show the effect of volcanic aerosols and orbital drift on PAL data. Comparison of time series of HANTS cloud-free time series with the original time series for various land cover proves that this software is useful for LST analysis, although primarily designed for NDVI applications. Comparison of yearly averages of HANTS LST over the whole Europe with air temperature confirms the validity of the results. Maps of the evolution for both parameters between periods 1982/1986 and 1995/1999 have been elaborated: NDVI data show the well confirmed trend of increase over Europe (up to 0.1 in NDVI), Southern Europe seeing a decrease in NDVI (− 0.02). LST averages stay stable or slightly decrease (up to − 1.5 K) over the whole continent, except for southern areas for which the increase is up to 2.5 K. These results evidence that arid and semi-arid areas of Southern Europe have become more arid, the rest of Europe seeing an increase in its wood land proportion, while seasonal amplitude in Northern Europe has decreased.