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131.
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) has shown its effectiveness in examining potential failures in products, process, designs or services and has been extensively used for safety and reliability analysis in a wide range of industries. However, its approach to prioritise failure modes through a crisp risk priority number (RPN) has been criticised as having several shortcomings. The aim of this paper is to develop an efficient and comprehensive risk assessment methodology using intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid weighted Euclidean distance (IFHWED) operator to overcome the limitations and improve the effectiveness of the traditional FMEA. The diversified and uncertain assessments given by FMEA team members are treated as linguistic terms expressed in intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs). Intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging (IFWA) operator is used to aggregate the FMEA team members’ individual assessments into a group assessment. IFHWED operator is applied thereafter to the prioritisation and selection of failure modes. Particularly, both subjective and objective weights of risk factors are considered during the risk evaluation process. A numerical example for risk assessment is given to illustrate the proposed method finally. 相似文献
132.
Electrical conductivity measurements on EUROCAT V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst and on its precursor without vanadia were performed at 300°C under pure oxygen to characterize the samples, under NO and under NH3 to determine the mode of reactivity of these reactants and under two reaction mixtures ((i) 2000 ppm NO + 2000 ppm NH3 without O2, and (ii) 2000 ppm NO + 2000 ppm NH3 + 500 ppm O2) to put in evidence redox processes in SCR deNOx reaction.It was first demonstrated that titania support contains certain amounts of dissolved W6+ and V5+ ions, whose dissolution in the lattice of titania creates an n-type doping effect. Electrical conductivity revealed that the so-called reference pure titania monolith was highly doped by heterovalent cations whose valency was higher than +4. Subsequent chemical analyses revealed that so-called pure titania reference catalyst was actually the WO3/TiO2 precursor of V2O5–WO3/TiO2 EUROCAT catalyst. It contained an average amount of 0.37 at.% W6+dissolved in titania, i.e. 1.07 × 1020 W6+ cations dissolved/cm3 of titania. For the fresh catalyst, the mean amounts of W6+ and V5+ ions dissolved in titania were found to be equal to 1.07 × 1020 and 4.47 × 1020 cm−3, respectively. For the used catalyst, the mean amounts of W6+ and V5+ ions dissolved were found to be equal to 1.07 × 1020 and 7.42 × 1020 cm−3, respectively. Since fresh and used catalysts have similar compositions and similar catalytic behaviours, the only manifestation of ageing was a supplementary progressive dissolution of 2.9 × 1020 additional V5+ cations in titania.After a prompt removal of oxygen, it appeared that NO alone has an electron acceptor character, linked to its possible ionosorption as NO− and to the filling of anionic vacancies, mostly present on vanadia. Ammonia had a strong reducing behaviour with the formation of singly ionized vacancies. A subsequent introduction of NO indicated a donor character of this molecule, in opposition to its first adsorption. This was ascribed to its reaction with previously adsorbed ammonia strongly bound to acidic sites. Under NO + NH3 reaction mixture in the absence of oxygen, the increase of electrical conductivity was ascribed to the formation of anionic vacancies, mainly on vanadia, created by dehydroxylation and dehydration of the surface. These anionic vacancies were initially subsequently filled by the oxygen atom of NO. No atoms, resulting from the dissociation of NO and from ammonia dehydrogenation, recombined into dinitrogen molecules. The reaction corresponded to
. In the presence of oxygen, NO did not exhibit anymore its electron acceptor character, since the filling of anionic vacancies was performed by oxygen from the gas phase. NO reacted directly with ammonia strongly bound on acidic sites. A tentative redox mechanism was proposed for both cases. 相似文献
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133.
介绍了隔膜法氯碱所用的聚四氟乙烯改性剂,即聚四氟乙烯乳液、聚四氟乙烯纤维(SM-1)、聚四氟乙烯类纤维(SM-2)的制造原理、制造方法以及在隔膜法氯碱上的应用效果。 相似文献
134.
135.
PE, one of the major phospholipids in oilseed soapstock, may react with gossypol to form Schiff bases. PE amounts to 20–30%
of the phosphorus compounds in soap-stock. In this report, the dependence on pH of the Schiff base products between PE and
gossypol was investigated using a spectrophotometer, an HPLC equipped with an ELSD, and an LC-MS system. We observed that
at pH 7 the Schiff reaction product and reactants were clearly detected by ELSD, absorption, and LC-MS spectra. The absorption
spectra displayed the characteristic peak for the Schiff bases around 430–440 nm. The absorption spectra also indicated that
the reaction was pH dependent. The reaction temperatures were 60 and 90°C. The LC-MS spectra supported the formation of Schiff
bases as well as methyl ether derivatives of gossypol in alcohol at the elevated temperatures. The implications of these experimental
findings are presented in this paper. 相似文献
136.
137.
十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液聚集性质的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
用滴体积法测出十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)稀水溶液的表面张力;然后求出其临界胶束浓度(CMC)。同时通过溶液的电导率、吸收光谱以及荧光光谱测定求出其CMC。这样测出的CMC值为1.2~1.6×10-3mol/L,与文献值相符。也研究了部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺(PHPAM)对SDBS聚集性质的影响;发现SDBS的CMC值随PHPAM的加人而减少并且PHPAM水溶液的粘度随SDBS的存在而急剧降低(类似盐效应)。这些方法与性质对强化采油(EOR)是重要的。 相似文献
138.
T. F Al-Fariss H. O. Ozbelge S. S. E. H Elnashaie S. M. AbdulRazik F. A. Abdel Aleem N. Gassem 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1991,28(2):201-212
This paper represents the first published report of a preliminary investigation of the possibility of using Saudi phosphate ores for the production of wet-process phosphoric acid. 相似文献
139.
非离子胶束对竹红菌乙素及其溴代物基态和激发态的保护作用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文用Triton-X-100非离子型胶束增溶生红菌乙素及其两种溴代物,发现该胶束对HB的基态和激发态都有保护作用;(1)HB基态的ρKa升高;(2)荧光量子产率增大。这使其光敏反应产生的活性中间体^1O2和.OH的产额增加,从而增强了其光敏活性。 相似文献
140.
The oxidation of bulky thioethers has been carried out on Ti-Beta and Ti-MCM-41 catalysts, using H2O2 andt-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidants. The intrinsic activity of Ti-Beta was higher than that of Ti-MCM-41 for the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide which can penetrate in the pores of Beta, while in the case of the larger isopentyl phenyl sulfide, which diffuses more slowly in Ti-Beta zeolite, Ti-MCM-41 gives a larger activity. Ti-Beta is able to perform better for the more demanding oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones giving, therefore, higher selectivities to sulfones than Ti-MCM-41. Similar results were obtained when using either H2O2 or TBHP as oxidants. However, the sterical effects were enhanced when TBHP was used as oxidant. 相似文献