东江流域基于水质的水资源有偿使用与生态补偿机制

回顾了东江流域生态补偿的政策与实践,认为基于发展机会损失下的生态补偿机制有悖于我国水资源国家所有的基本国情,是导致东江流域生态补偿进展缓慢的根本原因。提出建立基于水资源有偿使用的生态补偿机制:通过"使用者向国家付费,国家向保护者转移",实现对水源保护区的生态补偿。     

The Sanaga discharge at the Edea Catchment outlet (Cameroon): An example of hydrologic responses of a tropical rain‐fed river system to changes in precipitation and groundwater inputs and to flow regulation

The Sanaga River is one of Sub‐Saharan Africa's largest and greatly regulated rivers. Available flow data for this hydrosystem largely cover the pre‐ and post‐regulation periods. From comparisons between unregulated (hypothetical) and observed scenarios, it has been possible to separate and to quantify hydro‐climatic (groundwater + rainfall) change effects from anthropogenic impacts (especially dam‐related alterations). To appreciate shifts in the river regime, discontinuity detection tests and the IHA model were applied to discharge data series reflecting average and extreme flow conditions, respectively. Results obtained principally from the Hubert segmentation method reveal that a major discontinuity occurred in 1970–1971 separating a surplus phase between 1945–1946 and 1969–1970, and a deficient and much contrasted one, from 1971/1972. This implies that the Sanaga catchment is dominantly affected by hydro‐climatic changes. However, wide land cover/land use changes experienced here since 1988 have resulted in an increase in surface runoff. Additional quickflows linked to these changes may have partly compensated for the substantial decline in the dry season rainfall and groundwater inputs observed from this date. Although at the monthly scale, dam‐related impacts on average flows increase with stage of regulation, the seasonal variability of the river regime remains generally unaffected. A comparison of the IHA statistics, calculated from unregulated and observed streamflow data, show that hydrologic shifts occurring in maximum and minimum discharges are mostly significant from 1971/1972 and are mainly due to the action of dams. Minimum flows appear, however, widely impacted, thus reflecting the prime objective assigned to the existing reservoirs, constructed to supplement flows for hydroelectricity production during the dry season. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Educational affordances of PDAs: A study of a teacher’s exploration of this technology

This paper reports on a case study of a teacher from a technical education institution who explored the educational affordances of PDA technology over a period of six months. Based on this teacher’s perspectives, the study was designed to inform our own understanding of educational affordances of this new and emerging technology. Understanding of educational affordances is important in the context of planning a suitable intervention to support pedagogically effective integration of PDA technology. The study explicated a set of five affordances of PDA technology: as a multimedia-access tool, connectivity tool, capture tool, representational tool and analytical tool. We call on further research to expand this set into a more comprehensive collage of educational affordances of PDA technology.     

基于UML可适应的教学考评系统分析与设计

该文给出了UML的概念与要点,应用UML对教学考评系统进行了建模。给出了系统的用例模型、整体结构模型、静态模型、动态模型,并分析了模型对教学考评变化的可适应性。     

面向对象建模技术的研究与应用

面向对象建模技术有利于从全局的角度对系统加以设计。该文在明确面向对象建模技术重要性的基础上,分析了面向对象建模的技术基础,并以社会保险管理系统为案例,探讨了面向对象建模技术的应用,涉及到对象及候选类的确定、用例图及类图的设计等。该文对相关系统的面向对象建模应用提供了一定的借鉴作用。     

线面拓扑和度量关系的细分描述和计算方法

由于单独的拓扑关系、度量关系无法区分复杂要素之间的空间关系,在语义描述上存在歧义,提出一种二维空间R~2下空间关系的细分表达模型.该模型将面与线求交后,线面可以表示成n-1个拓扑和度量分量的序列矩阵,在语义上进行更细致的分段描述;采用折线节点微小圆求交的算法,考虑面带洞和目标的不确定性,归纳出线面拓扑关系细分判断的7个规则,以及长度、分割度等度量项的计算方法.最后以土地利用中图斑扣除线状地物计算地类面积为实例,验证了该模型和计算方法对解决实际问题的有效性.     

宗教意识下的艺术形式

艺术的创造性为人类留下的无数艺术珍品,使人能领略到人性的充实和伟大的智慧,也领略到了人类文明的伟大,增强了人类的尊严与荣耀。每件艺术品都反映和保存各个相关时期的地区、政治、文化、宗教、习俗等内容。受到这些因素的影响,使得艺术形式多种多样丰富多彩。我认为,最有魅力的是在宗教意识下的艺术形式。     

一个基于Web日志的用户访问数据分析系统

通过结合网站设计初期的网站结构和典型用例的预先定义,构建一个基于Web日志数据的用户访问数据分析系统。该系统（AS-UAB,Analysis System of User Access Behaviors）通过对网站结构和典型用例的预先植入,利用该领域最新的研究方法和结论,为网站相关人员提供可视化的用户访问信息统计及趋势预测,网站结构设计及交互设计上存在的问题及改进建议等通用功能和个性化定制功能。     

Observed finger behaviour during computer mouse use

Two-button computer mouse users may exhibit sustained, static finger lifting behaviours to prevent inadvertent activations by avoiding finger pressure on the buttons, which leads to prolonged, static finger extensor muscle loading. One hundred graduate students were observed during normal computer work in a university computer facility to qualify and quantify the prevalence of lifted finger behaviours and extended finger postures, as well as wrist/forearm and grip behaviour, during specific mouse activities. The highest prevalences observed were 48% of the students lifted their middle finger during mouse drag activities, and 23% extended their middle finger while moving the mouse. In addition, 98% of the students rested their wrist and forearm (77%) or wrist only (21%) on the workstation surface, and 97% had an extended wrist posture (15 degrees -30 degrees ) when using the mouse. Potential applications of these findings include future computer input device designs to reduce finger lifting behaviour and exposures to risk factors of hand/forearm musculoskeletal pain.     

公有住房使用权收益价格评估

公有住房使用权价格评估是公房使用权有偿转让的基础性工作,但因我国的公房使用权有别于一般租赁产权,故房地产估价的常观收益法在此并不全然适用。文章在分析我国公房使用权特殊性的基础上,变通了既有的收益法估价公式,提出了确定相关技术参数的思路。作为讨论结果的具体应用,文章最后给出了一宗评估案例。