Simulation of water and nitrogen dynamics in soils during wastewater applications by using a finite-element model

A mathematical model was developed to simulate water movement, mass transport, and nitrogen transformations in soils during wastewater applications. The model is one-dimensional and based on the Galerkin finite-element method. The submodel of mass transport of nitrogen incorporates the convection-dispersion processes of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, nitrification, denitrification, ammonium exchange and uptake of ammonium and nitrate ions. The accuracy and validity of the proposed model was examined by comparison with an explicit-implicit finite-difference model results. The model was used for simulation of water and nitrogen dynamics during wastewater application in homogeneous and multi-layered soils under different N concentration, rate, duration and scheduling of application.     

A micromechanics model for the prediction of static strength of off-axis unidirectional laminates

In this paper a micromechanics model using the concentric cylinder assemblage model and the Mori-Tanaka average stress scheme is used to predict the static strength of unidirectional angle ply laminates. The predicted strengths agree with experimental results for Glass/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy systems.     

Process control: An overview and personal perspective

This paper presents an overview and personnal perspective on recent developments and current practice in computer process model. The basic concepts behind conventional process control are reviewed to provide a starting point for the non-control specialist and process engineer. The ensuing sections on Internal Model Control (IMC), Model Predictive Control (MPC) and adaptive control illustrate the evolution of control technology from the traditional multiloop strategies to the modern, multivariable, model-based, computer control systems now being used in industry. The paper does not provide a complete, critical review of process control. However, the discussion and the recommended references should provide a good starting point for anyone wanting to become familiar with current practice and some of the new directions of process control.     

Important features of Iris OSQL

OSQL is the object-oriented database language developed for the Iris object-oriented database management system at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories. Its three fundamental constructs are objects, types, and functions. This paper provides an overview of the underlying concepts and some important features of OSQL.     

Multivariable controller design in an adaptive control scheme

A multivariable control system design approach in the frequency domain is presented. The issue of control system redesign in an adaptive control scheme is discussed. Expert system techniques have been used for the automated design of controllers for multivariable systems. Design knowledge has been represented using rules, facts and objects. The design process consists of a sequence of operations obtained by heuristics and experience in the the design techniques. An automated design session of a multivariable plant using the expert system demonstrates that the expert system appears to work well in its prototype implementation.     

Pole shifting for matrices over real algebras

Pole shifting of multivariable control system over finite dimensional real algebras is studied. The main results are expressed in terms of the minimal polynomial of A + BF, where F is a feedback.