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431.
通过使用集合的基本概率定义上限,下限概率,形成信度,通过隶属函数定义模糊集合的包含度,相交度,使信度理论在模糊集合得以扩张,得到了利用不确定性及模糊性的一个合理的揄方法。在此基础上,采用AND/OR/COMB树推理开发了一个审定损害的专家系统。  相似文献   
432.
针对PLC与变频器之间通讯时电机速度精细调节难的问题,应用新一代高速工业以太网PROFINET通信技术,将S7-1200PLC、G120变频器和触摸屏构成一个小型局域网.采用CSM1277作为小型交换机,三者之间采用以太网通信,建立通过PROFINET总线实现西门子S7-1200PLC与G120变频器通讯的方法.在分析...  相似文献   
433.
多约束环境下不规则的多边形的优化布局具有一定的特殊性,本文就多约束条件对二维布局的影响进行分析,提出双向包络线的概念,算法,运用基于AND/OR图的问题归纳进行求解,算法效率高,易于实现。  相似文献   
434.
    
Using an interactive multiobjective optimization method called NIMBUS and an approximation method called PAINT, preferable solutions to a five-objective problem of operating a wastewater treatment plant are found. The decision maker giving preference information is an expert in wastewater treatment plant design at the engineering company Pöyry Finland Ltd. The wastewater treatment problem is computationally expensive and requires running a simulator to evaluate the values of the objective functions. This often leads to problems with interactive methods as the decision maker may get frustrated while waiting for new solutions to be computed. Thus, a newly developed PAINT method is used to speed up the iterations of the NIMBUS method. The PAINT method interpolates between a given set of Pareto optimal outcomes and constructs a computationally inexpensive mixed integer linear surrogate problem for the original wastewater treatment problem. With the mixed integer surrogate problem, the time required from the decision maker is comparatively short. In addition, a new IND-NIMBUS® PAINT module is developed to allow the smooth interoperability of the NIMBUS method and the PAINT method.  相似文献   
435.
Fluence rate effect semi-mechanistic modelling on WWER-type RPV welds   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Effort at JRC-IE is ongoing in order to develop a semi-mechanistic model to forecast radiation embrittlement. The understanding and the quantification of the influence of the fluence rate is of particular importance for the correct interpretation of data obtained in material testing reactors or in surveillance capsules, which are accelerated with respect to embrittlement of the reactor pressure vessel wall itself. To verify the applicability of the fluence rate as included in the semi-mechanistic model and tuning the model parameters various WWER-type vessel weld material have been studied. For the selected welds, copper ranges from 0.08 to 0.18 mass%, while phosphorus variation is from 0.013 to 0.036 mass%. The fluence range is up to 2 × 1020 n cm−2 obtained at two fluence rates of 4 × 1011 and 3.5 × 1012 n cm−2 s−1, typical for WWER-440 surveillance positions. Significant fluence rate effect has been observed for the welds containing low copper and moderate phosphorus, and adaptation of the semi-mechanistic model’s parameters for the high flux data is required. To verify the consistency and the limits of the findings other similar data coming from RPV surveillance programmes are also included in this analysis.  相似文献   
436.
It is known that for Russian-type and Western water reactor pressure vessel steels there is a similar degradation in mechanical properties during equivalent neutron irradiation. Available surveillance results from WWER and PWR vessels are used in this article to compare irradiation damage evolution for the different reactor pressure vessel welds. The analysis is done through the semi-mechanistic model for radiation embrittlement developed by JRC-IE. Consistency analysis with BWR vessel materials and model alloys has also been performed within this study. Globally the two families of studied materials follow similar trends regarding the evolution of irradiation damage. Moreover in the high fluence range typical of operation of WWER the radiation stability of these vessels is greater than the foreseen one for PWR.  相似文献   
437.
西门子S7-1200 PLC通过五类双绞网线与SmartLink 的适配器相连,从而以通信的方式实现远程IO模块的控制,在同一ProfiNet 工业以太网总线下实现数据交换。本文对控制系统的框架做了介绍,对SmartLink 远程智能IO的拓扑结构做了说明,并介绍了如何在西门子TIA博途软件中进行硬件组态及参数设定及数据传递工程,最后以FB块的方式对多分布式IO的执行机构做管理控制。  相似文献   
438.
    
The shortage of inpatient beds causes surgery cancellations, treatment delays, and inappropriate ward arrangements. That is why studying how to make admission decisions on the wards of crowded units under premature discharge decisions is essential. In this study, we set up an infinite-horizon total discounted cost Markov decision process model to minimize the total expected cost to the hospital. By analyzing the structural properties of the optimal value function, we find that there is an optimal admission control policy of the threshold type for low-acuity emergency patients (type-2). Numerical experiments are done to examine how optimal dynamic policy depends on key system parameters. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of the optimal dynamic policy with a benchmark policy without premature discharge decisions. The results indicate that the optimal admission control policy helps hospitals in maintaining low costs and enables patients with high-acuity diseases to enter primary wards more quickly.  相似文献   
439.
    
This paper applies a multiobjective goal programming (GP) model to define the profile of the most profitable insurers by focusing on 14 firm‐decision variables and considering different scenarios resulting from the exogenous change in interest rate and GDP per capita growth variables. We consider a detailed database of Spanish non‐life insurers over the period 2003–2012 taking into account two dimensions of insurers’ results: underwriting results and investment results. A prior econometric analysis is used to find out relevant relations among the variables. Next, a GP model is formulated on the basis of the relationships obtained. The model is tested in a robust environment, allowing changes in the coefficients of the objective functions, and for several scenarios regarding crisis/noncrisis situations and changes in interest rates. We find that having the stock organizational form, being an unaffiliated single company and maintaining low levels of investment risk, leverage, and regulatory solvency are recommended for result optimization. Growth and reinsurance utilization are not advisable for optimizing the results, whereas size should be positively emphasized even more in instability periods and when interest rates increase. The results also show that the optimal level of the diversification/specialization strategy depends on economic conditions. More specialization is advisable as negative changes in interest rates increase. However, we find that the optimal values of the diversification variable are higher for the crisis scenarios compared to the corresponding noncrisis scenarios, suggesting that diversification creates value in crisis. Further sensitivity analyses show the soundness of the conclusions obtained.  相似文献   
440.
    
A novel oscillation ring (OR) test scheme and architecture for testing interconnects in SOC is proposed and demonstrated. In addition to stuck-at and open faults, this scheme can also detect delay faults and crosstalk glitches, which are otherwise very difficult to be tested under the traditional test schemes. IEEE Std. 1500 wrapper cells are modified to accommodate the test scheme. An efficient algorithm is proposed to construct ORs for SOC based on a graph model. Experimental results on MCNC benchmark circuits have been included to show the effectiveness of the algorithm. In all experiments, the scheme achieves 100% fault coverage with a small number of tests.  相似文献   
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