基坑变形观测数据的因素分析方法

采用因素分析方法分析建筑物变形观测数据 ,以定量形式描述影响建筑物变形的因素关系 ,本文结合实例给出因素分析计算方法。     

小角法在大坝视准线观测中的应用

从观测思路、测点偏离值与位移量计算公式推导、精度分析等几方面阐述了小角法在长度不同的视准线观测中的灵活运用。     

Planting Design in the Ecuadorian Andes: Memory,Resilience, and Re-Connection

Modern cities are constantly growing and evolving. This expansion of urban development bleeds into the surrounding landscapes, causing the displacement and disturbance of native plant and animal species to remote areas where topography limits human access. As a result, metropolitan areas often become gray places with low biodiversity, elevated temperatures, poor air quality, flood issues, and lack of a local identity. Quito, Ecuador is one of the cities facing this important challenge. Perched high in the Andes, Quito is a place of great biodiversity, nevertheless the constructed landscapes are dominated by introduced species due to colonization and to the lack of availability of native species in the nursery trade. This article walks through the creation of a native nursery in Quito and the implementation of initial trial plots, a green roof, and a garden. It explains the discoveries made during the process and provides directions for future goals to reintroduce native plant species into urban environments and contemporary landscapes in order to create more sustainable cities. The goal is to help people reconnect with their natural heritage and to learn about native plants to ensure the continuity of ancestral knowledge of the natural world for future generations.     

Planet Moon: The Future of Astronaut Activity and Settlement

Ceaseless demographic growth and the depletion of the Earth's natural resources make the colonisation of space an increasingly compelling prospect. Madhu Thangavelu , an expert in the design of complex space projects, including space stations and exploratory missions, and a professor in the Department of Astronautical Engineering at the University of Southern California (USC), explores the possibilities and extreme environmental challenges posed by human settlement of our closest planetary neighbour, the Moon.     

OBSERVATION AND REPRESENTATION: ON RECOGNITION AND EXPRESSION OF NATURAL SITES IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

In the education of Landscape Architecture, the way we view and depict a natural site is defined by the way we observe and express it. This paper starts with a comparison between the perspective and approach of traditional painting types (the realistic sketch, design sketch, and landscape painting) and those in Landscape Architecture. All of them involve observation (viewing) and expression (drawing) of natural beings and phenomena, where traditional paintings are in the pursuit of honest depiction of the forms or shapes. While in Landscape Architecture it emphasizes understanding and representing the evolutions and the complicated intrinsic relations of the authentic sites — in other words, to represent the nature of reality. To be on-site, the use of body movement, and the evolutions and correlations of natural beings are the three most important principles to the observation and representation in Landscape Architecture. Combining with two cases in teaching and practice, this paper elaborates how to develop abstract forms and design concepts from the observation of authentic sites and how the trans-scaled reflection on the correlations about the sites can inspire a site-scaled design, providing references for the education and practice of Landscape Architecture in China.     

小浪底排沙洞混凝土衬砌不同阶段预应力变化实测分析

小浪底排沙洞是我国首例采用双圈环绕无粘结预应力混凝土衬砌的水工隧洞，本文对这一新型结构形式和特点进行了广简单介绍，并根据观测仪器所获得的大量实测数据。对不同阶段（预应力施加、回填灌浆和过水运行）混凝土衬砌和锚索中的有效预应力变化及混凝土徐变变化规律进行了探讨。实测资料表明，采用双圈环绕无粘结预应力技术，可实现理想的预应力效果和均匀的环向应力分布。围岩开挖的质量对环向预应力分布的均匀性具有重要影响；对预应力施加需时较长的实际结构，混凝土的徐变应变在观测仪器的总应变变化中占有不容忽视的比例，其大小与预压应力和持荷时间成线性关系，可按ε。=α∑σti进行计算。过水运行阶段的实测数据表明，该工程混凝土衬砌中所建立的预压应力足以抵抗最高设计运行水位下的内水压力而实现不裂不渗。     

南京地区冬绿地被植物耐寒性试验

在定点观察的基础上,结合引种栽培和定量分析,对12种冬绿地被植物的耐寒性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)野外越冬观察:2001年冬季最低气温-8.4℃,12种冬绿地被植物都能安全越冬,且第二年春季恢复生长良好。蔓长春花嫩梢和部分叶片受冻枯死。吉祥草叶片1/3以上受冻,呈黄褐色。无毛紫露草叶片段1/2以上受冻变黑。其他种类植株地上部分未显示受冻特征。(2)电导法测定叶片耐寒性:经-10℃的低温处理后,表现出极强耐寒性的种类分别是:矮山麦冬、虎耳草、青绿苔草;其他种类耐寒性由强至弱依次为:活血丹、顶花板凳果、蔓长春花、凹叶景天、扶芳藤、刺果毛茛、紫露草、吉祥草、玉竹。(3)TTC法测定根活力:经-10℃的低温处理后,耐寒性极强的种类分别是:顶花板凳果、虎耳草、扶芳藤、凹叶景天、矮山麦冬、活血丹,其他种类耐寒性由强至弱依次为:青绿苔草、刺果毛茛、蔓长春花、吉祥草、紫露草、玉竹。     

从深入认知体会出发的建筑学基础教学思路探索

本文介绍了对西安建筑科技大学建筑学专业本科设计基础教学改革的实践与思考,本教学改革方案是由建筑学院刘克成教授提出并由日本早稻田大学丸山欣也教授协同实施的。建筑设计基础教学是建筑学五年制本科生专业课教学的第一环节,除了对学生进行建筑学基本技能培养之外,还是从义务教育学习阶段到专业型研究学习的过渡环节。本文详细介绍了此次教学改革的教学内容以及所思、所为与所感。     

海流干扰下海洋观测平台动力定位

针对小型海洋观测平台,考虑其特殊的回转体形状,建立海流干扰下的运动学模型,针对螺旋桨的环形布置形式制订相应的推力分配方案．通过搭建半物理仿真平台,模拟平台在海流大小不同且方向相同、以及海流大小相同且方向不同时的动力定位过程,结果表明：平台可在海流干扰下完成动力定位且启动快速、定位准确、控制稳定性好．最后通过设计水池试验验证海洋观测平台在静水和海流干扰下的位置控制和艏向控制性能,结果显示海洋观测平台能在期望精度内完成动力定位．发现平台对转艏力矩较为敏感,因平台为回转体形状,在单独控制艏向时,只需较小的推力即可完成定位并且不会对位置控制产生明显的影响;而在进行位置控制时,因为海流和形状的影响,平台需要输出较大的推力．后者情况下,推进器一旦出现推力输出不协调,产生的附加转艏力矩将会对艏向控制产生不可忽视的影响．     

JINHUA MEMORIAL PARK IN SUINING

Observation and representation are the fundamental and core processes and methods in landscape design. By transforming a historical industrial site into an urban cultural park for citizens’ recreational needs, the Jinhua Memorial Park in the Suining City demonstrates how landscape designers observe and represent in post-industrial renewal practice. Designers continuously deepen their understanding of the site through a process from site observation and perception, research and exploration to systematic analyses. During this process, designers were inspired by the industrial production process and textile products, and then applied such concepts in spatial arrangement and prototype for physical renovation. As the skeleton of spatial arrangement, the main road of the campus connects various functional spaces and landscape nodes of the park. Five design strategies, including in-situ preservation, transposition retention, material reuse, appearance protection, and spiritual revitalization, are applied to protect and reorganize the industrial heritages to recall the past prosperous scenes. Landscape design approaches, intuitive or implicit, are adopted to tie up the past, present, and future of the site while making a park that meets the needs of all kinds of users.