光纤电压传感器原理分析及其研制

光纤电压传感器可以用于电网电压的监测和保护。文中对体调制型光纤电压传感器原理进行了分析,提出了当考虑被测电压为交流正弦波时,有效值的线性测量范围大于瞬时值的线性测量范围,并分析了传感头各器件的取向对测量范围和非线性失真的影响。得到了提高信噪比的途径,确定了获得最高信噪比和最小非线性失真的最佳取向,并且提出了１／４波片和ＬＥＤ满足的条件。     

调制式光纤理化检测仪的研制

本文讨论了调制式光纤理化检测仪的原理以及有关探头、波长切换机构的设计问题。理论和实践证明 ,采用调制式光纤传感器既可以简化探头设计 ,又可有效抑制杂散光干扰     

一种基于虚拟基准的太阳帆板平面度测量仪

本文针对太阳帆板平面度测量这一特定要求,开发出一种基于激光三角原理的特殊结构的光电非接触平面度测量系统。     

光学三角法全视场自扫描测头的设计与研究

本文基于光学三角法测量原理,设计了一种通过改变光平面与成像光轴夹角来实现对视场内被测零件表面扫描的视觉测头。通过紧凑的旋转镜片反射机构驱动光平面在物空间做扫描运动,将全视场自动扫描功能封装在在线结构光视觉测头内部,使扫描成为线结构光视觉测头的一项内置功能。光定位精度实验以及尺寸测量的重复性精度实验均表面这种设计方法的可行性。这种自扫描测头对中、小尺寸零件三维尺寸的快速检测有重大的实用价值。     

Natural ventilation in the double skin facade with venetian blind

As a new-style building, the thermal performance of double skin facade with the venetian blind cannot be predicted for the absence of suitable tool. In the paper, a detailed analysis of the thermal process in glass double facade with venetian blind was made. The governing equations were solved by comprising CFD, optical and heat balance model for multi-layer transparent system. It is shown that the more complex natural ventilation exists in the two air gaps divided by venetian blind, which cannot be reflected with the simplified model. Comparing the simulation results with the experiment data in the literature, a good agreement was achieved. Hence, it can be used as a reliable tool to analyze the ventilation in the double skin facade with a venetian blind.     

Fatigue life estimation of steel using laser speckle sensor

We investigated a method to evaluate fatigue damage of steels without contact using a laser speckle sensor. In the earlier stage of fatigue in steels, slipbands are produced on the surface and the slipband density increases as fatigue damage progresses. When a laser illuminates the surface of the fatigued steel, light intensity distribution of the laser speckle pattern caused by the reflected light changes depending on the change of surface properties caused by slipbands. Width of the speckle pattern broadens correspondingly to spatial frequency distribution of the surface and thus it is presumed that speckle pattern broadens with increase of slipband density. The method presented in this paper is based on this phenomenon. In this study, we observed change of the speckle pattern during fatigue loading. We propose a method to estimate fatigue life by observing change in the speckle pattern depending on number of loading cycles in the earlier stage of fatigue before crack initiation.     

Effect of refraction on optical microscopic measurement of internal blood-vessel diameter and its correction

In optical microscopic measurement of internal blood-vessel diameters, the effect of refraction must be taken into account to ensure accuracy of the result. This effect is discussed and an analytical correction formula derived. Phantom blood vessels with known internal and external diameters were used to test the validity of the correction formula. The errors obtained prior to correction were reduced significantly after correction.     

Multiplexing optical fiber low coherence and high coherence interferometric system with large range and high resolution for on-line measurement

A novel optical fiber sensing system multiplexing low coherence interferometry and high coherence interferometry that is endowed with large range and high resolution and is stabilized for on-line measurement is presented. An optical fiber Michelson interferometer performing measurement task in the system works in both modes of low coherence interferometry and high coherence interferometry simultaneously by employing a broadband light source and a fiber Bragg grating as an in-fiber reflective mirror. The amplitude of the measurand is determined by the low coherence interferometry while the value of the measurand is measured by the high coherence interferometry. Another optical fiber Michelson interferometer which is incorporated with the one performing measurement task stabilizes the sensing system for on-line measurement by exploiting an electronic feedback loop to reduce the influences that are resulted from environmental disturbances. The measurement range is 6 mm and the measurement uncertainty is less than 2 nm.     

Effective accelerometer test beds for output enhancement of an inertial navigation system

This paper is submitted upon a research to enhance the output of an accelerometer widely used in inertial navigation units. In our study we introduce relatively simple and effective test beds to collect accurate and diverse reference data. We also carried out calibration runs with a highly accurate electromechanical shaking table. The proposed test beds compare well with sophisticated counterparts. The collected data is used to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) which would improve the accelerometer outputs by estimating the reference data from the actual sensor outputs. The ANN performance is compared with classic low pass filtering methods to provide a relative performance criterion. In this paper we focus on test beds rather than to give the details of the whole study. The test beds introduced in this research can be used for acquiring reference data for implementation of other different filter methods as well.     

Dedicated optical instruments for ultrasonic welder inspection and control

Two different optical instruments for real-time vibration measurements, inspection and control of ultrasonic welders were designed, realized and characterized: a self-mixing laser interferometer and an optical triangulator, both studied for achieving high bandwidth and very good resolution within a short dynamic range. The implemented instruments can solve the problem of measurement and control of ultrasonic welders that until now has no low-cost solutions available on the market. The performance of the two developed instruments was compared in order to assess which is the most appropriate for this specific application. Finally, results of the real-time characterization of an ultrasonic welder are given and discussed.