参数化设计中的动态约束迭代及静态因果分析技术

参数化设计以其强有力的草图设计和图纸尺寸驱动功能成为实现产品的初步设计、系列设计以及变异式设计的核心技术。这两种参化设计算法克服了现有参数化方法在功能、效率以及可靠性等方面存在的 问题，历而能够地应用到实际系统中去。     

组合箭头的绘制与编辑

AutoCAD具有强大的二次开发能力,非常适于用户开发专项的参数化设计程序。通过分析不同组合箭头的特点,在AutoCAD中,利用LISP及DCL语言开发了绘制及编辑各式组合箭头的专用程序,以提高工作效率。本程序适用于AutoCAD R14及其以后所有版本的CAD系统。     

Subdivision Schemes for Quadrilateral Meshes with the Least Polar Artifact in Extraordinary Regions

This paper presents subdivision schemes with subdivision stencils near an extraordinary vertex that are free from or with substantially reduced polar artifact in extraordinary regions while maintaining the best possible bounded curvature at extraordinary positions. The subdivision stencils are firstly constructed to meet tangent plane continuity with bounded curvature at extraordinary positions. They are further optimized towards curvature continuity at an extraordinary position with additional measures for removing or for minimizing the polar artifact in extraordinary regions. The polar artifact for subdivision stencils of lower valences is removed by applying an additional constraint to the subdominant eigenvalue to be the same as that of subdivision at regular vertices, while the polar artifact for subdivision stencils of higher valances is substantially reduced by introducing an additional thin‐plate energy function and a penalty function for maintaining the uniformity and regularity of the characteristic map. A new tuned subdivision scheme is introduced by replacing subdivision stencils of Catmull‐Clark subdivision with that from this paper for extraordinary vertices of valences up to nine. We also compare the refined meshes and limit surface quality of the resulting subdivision scheme with that of Catmull‐Clark subdivision and other tuned subdivision schemes. The results show that subdivision stencils from our method produce well behaved subdivision meshes with the least polar artifact while maintaining satisfactory limit surface quality.     

内压作用下发动机反向封头屈曲参数化研究

内压作用下发动机反向封头的稳定性是设计中的考虑重点.采用轴对称有限元方法对不同设计参数的等厚度和变厚度两大类反向封头进行稳定性研究,模型考虑封头开口加强环及封头与圆柱段连接处的局部加强影响.参数化研究椭球比、壁厚对封头临界屈曲载荷的影响.研究结果表明,等厚度反向封头的外形和变厚度的壁厚对结构临界屈曲载荷的影响十分敏感,在最小厚度一定的情况下,椭球比为1.413的变厚度封头是最小质量设计.另外文中给出可供工程实际设计参考的图表及曲线.     

基于APDL进行门式刚架优化设计的程序开发

通过有限元分析软件ANSYS中APDL语言的软件开发功能,开发出单跨变截面门式刚架优化设计程序。该程序可以由用户根据不同的具体工程赋值于门式刚架的主要参数,如跨度、檐口高度、纵向柱距、屋面坡度及荷载等,可在较短时间内实现对于任意单跨变截面门式刚架的截面优化,从而避免重复工作,提高效率。     

经直肠前列腺超声造影参数成像预测前列腺癌的临床研究

目的评价经直肠前列腺超声造影参数成像对临床怀疑前列腺癌但超声没有发现明确病灶患者前列腺癌预测的临床应用价值。方法对30名血清PSA升高而灰阶超声没有发现明确病灶的患者在同天先后行经直肠前列腺超声造影及经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的操作。造影图像切面选择在前列腺底部、中部及尖部与穿刺部位保持在同一切面,超声造影及穿刺活检由同一名医师承担。采用SonoProstate软件进行参数成像并分析造影参数图像。统计分析参数图像结果与病理结果。结果19例病理证实为前列腺癌的病例中参数成像方法诊断15例,11例病理证实为前列腺增生的病例中参数成像方法诊断9例。前列腺超声造影参数成像与超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术对前列腺癌的预测无统计学差异(P=0.687)。结论对血清PSA升高但灰阶超声未发现明确前列腺病灶的患者,经直肠前列腺超声造影参数成像有助于提示前列腺癌可疑部位并指导前列腺穿刺活检。     

定制工作流程建筑

数字化时代和信息技术已经拓展了建筑师的工具，并增加了其在物质与非物质、人与机器之间的调解能力。根据本文提出的方法，工作流程自动化（互操作工具集）促进了设计过程中的通用性和互换性，给予建筑师更多的决定权，并创建根据环境和用户开发建筑的机会。     

Post-yield response of cold-cambered wide flange steel beams

The post-yield response of steel beams is important in steel fabrication particularly for setting cambers. A commonly used cambering process known as “cold cambering” consists of bending the girder about its strong axis using single or dual symmetrically applied concentrated loads. This paper recasts available solutions for wide flange steel beams relating loads to permanent deformation in parametric form to determine the effect of cross-sectional geometry and load position on its post-yield response. Sensitivity analyses were then conducted to identify appropriate values of these key parameters and their impact on alternative cambering set-ups. This allows optimization of the cold cambering operation for single- and dual-load systems. The analysis shows that dual-load systems offer significant benefits over single-load systems as they develop the required camber profile at smaller loads without overstraining the steel section. The best results are obtained if the spacing between the two loads is kept within one-third to one-quarter of the span.     

参数化和生成式风景园林设计 以清华建筑学院研究生设计课程作业为例

复杂系统和非线性科学将世界看作是由大量个体相互联系组成的动态系统。基于计算机技术的参数化和生成式设计方法在这种新的科学体系和世界观的影响下产生。风景园林作为自然生态系统的一部分,具备了复杂系统的特征,因此,在设计中运用参数化和生成式设计方法具有其独特的合理性和意义。针对这一议题进行了分析,并以研究生设计课的学生作品为例,展示了在参数化和生成式风景园林设计理念和方法上的最新的教学成果。     

实用主义代码70后中国建筑师之建筑数字观

文章指出,70后中国建筑师站在计算机带来的新技术变迁的时代前沿从电脑普及化到电脑计算化,首当其冲受到技术革命带来的设计方法和过程改变的洗礼,从而对数字设计具有敏锐触觉。70后受到的教育延续布扎体系,深悉建筑本质：几何形态、空间、质感,光线和建构。＂建房子＂的迫切需求让70后的数字时代的建筑观具有强烈实用主义的特征,这样的特征给在中国建筑实践和教育中崛起的70后带来了产生新建筑形态语言和思潮可能的机会。