飞机环控/发动机系统多目标优化分析

一种以系统熵产最小为目标函数的优化方法,应用到飞机环控/发动机系统的综合优化计算。由于在不同飞行阶段为使系统总的熵产减小对设计变量的要求不尽相同,甚至存在冲突,引入多目标优化的思想进行优化计算。将任务剖面内不同飞行阶段系统总的熵产最小视为不同的目标函数,通过分析系统之间交联关系、选取设计变量和分析约束条件建立多目标优化计算模型。采用自适应进化多目标粒子群优化算法对模型进行优化计算,得到非劣最优解集,为方案决策提供理论依据。仿真结果证实该方法的有效性,为飞机系统综合优化提供一种新思路。     

一类带约束动态多目标优化问题的进化算法

动态多目标约束优化问题是一类NP-Hard问题,定义了动态环境下进化种群中个体的序值和个体的约束度,结合这两个定义给出了一种选择算子.在一种环境变化判断算子下给出了求解环境变量取值于正整数集Z+的一类带约束动态多目标优化问题的进化算法.通过几个典型的Benchmark函数对算法的性能进行了测试,其结果表明新算法能够较好地求出带约束动态多目标优化问题在不同环境下质量较好、分布较均匀的Pareto最优解集.     

基于NSGA-II算法的RLV多目标再入轨迹优化设计

传统的再入轨迹优化设计通常只考虑单目标优化问题,例如最小热流、最小大航程、最小控制能量等。随着人们对降低费用和提高性能的期望越来越高,多目标再入轨迹优化问题也引起了注意。以往人们通过加权因子等方法将多目标问题转化为单目标问题,避免了复杂的多目标优化算法的应用。但也引入了新的参数,且每次优化只能获得与该参数相关的1个解。N SGA-II算法是最近发展起来的具有优良性能的多目标遗传算法,它引入了快速分类、约束支配和精英策略,1次运行可以获得多个Pareto最优解。文中利用N SGA-II算法来求解具有最小热载和最大横程的2个目标的再入轨迹优化问题。算例表明N SGA-II算法能够有效地搜索到优化轨迹的Pareto前沿,是RLV初步设计的有力工具。     

基于（μ＋λ）选择策略的多目标优化分段遗传算法

在多目标优化遗传算法中，将整个种群按目标函数值划分成若干子种群，在各子种群内μ个父代经遗传操作产生λ个后代；然后将各子种群的所有父代和后代个体收集起来进行种群排序适应度共享，选取较好的个体组成下一代种群。相邻的非劣解容易分在同一子种群有利于提高搜索效率；各子种群间的遗传操作可采用并行处理；各子种群的所有
有个体收集起来进行适应度共享有利于维持种群的多样性。最后给出了计算实例。     

Barrier Trees on Poset-Valued Landscapes

Fitness landscapes have proved to be a valuable concept in evolutionary biology, combinatorial optimization, and the physics of disordered systems. Usually, a fitness landscape is considered as a mapping from a configuration space equipped with some notion of adjacency, nearness, distance, or accessibility, into the real numbers. In the context of multi-objective optimization problems this concept can be extended to poset-valued landscapes. In a geometric analysis of such a structure, local Pareto points take on the role of local minima. We show that the notion of saddle points, barriers, and basins can be extended to the poset-valued case in a meaningful way and describe an algorithm that efficiently extracts these features from an exhaustive enumeration of a given generalized landscape.     

广义Pareto分布下风险值估计

采用适当的统计方法来估计广义Pareto的分布参数，对于计算基于极值理论的风险值(VaR)具有重要的理论和现实意义．一般采用最大似然法(MLM)对它的参数进行估计，作者采用和McNeil，Frey相似的方法选择域值后，分别采用最大似然法、概率权重矩法(PWM)和矩法(MoM)对广义Pareto分布的参数进行了估计．并对上证指数的VaR进行了相应计算，最后对结果进行后验比较分析，探讨了不同估计方法的适用规律．     

Multi-objective optimal design of vertical natural circulation steam generator

In this work, a hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was proposed and utilized to perform the multi-objective optimization design of a natural circulation steam generator, which included minimizing of the weight, the volume and the reactor coolant flow-rate. Sensitivity analysis of the design variables was carried out to study the relationships between the optimization variables and the objective functions, which was also helpful for the explanation of the optimization results. The mathematical model of the steam generator was validated by the RELAP5 code. The results show that the mathematical model has a good agreement with the RELAP5 model after modifying the boiling correlation in the secondary side; the proposed hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is able to find much better spread of solutions and better convergence near the true Pareto optimal front compared to the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm; reactor inlet temperature is the most important variable which influences the distribution of Pareto optimal solutions.     

A bi-objective DC-optimal power flow model using linear relaxation-based second order cone programming and its Pareto Frontier

The DC optimal power flow (DC-OPF) plays an important role in the operation and planning of modern power systems. In this paper, a bi-objective DC-OPF model minimizing both network losses and generation costs is introduced, which can further be converted into a single objective model via the weighted sum method. Furthermore, the Pareto Frontier is employed to solve this problem. In the mathematical view, the model is a special non-convex quadratic constraints quadratic programming problem. In order to obtain a continuous Pareto Frontier, the original non-convex feasible region is relaxed to its convex hull using a linear relaxation-based second order cone programming method. Compared with the semi-definite relaxation method, the proposed method can greatly reduce the number of dummy variables and the complexity of solutions. Finally, simulations on eight small systems and four practical, large systems are performed, in addition to the comparison of a Monte Carlo simulation. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

COMMENTS ON ZELENÝ'S PAPER CONCERNING COGNITIVE EQUILIBRIA

Bivariate Pareto distributions arise naturally when it comes to comparing the performances of two systems. In this note, explicit expressions are derived for a relative measure of performance for every known bivariate Pareto distribution. The calculations involve the use of Gauss hypergeometric function.     

Reducing CO2 emission from exhaust gases using molten carbonate fuel cells: a new approach

The aim of this study is to couple molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) stack with integrated gasification combined cycle fed by refinery residues, to remove CO₂ from gas turbine exhaust gases that have CO₂ emission rate of 14,200 ton/year. By applying multi-objective optimisation (MOO) using genetic algorithm, the optimal values of operating load and the corresponding values of objective functions are obtained. The MOO of the MCFC system regarding two scenarios is performed. The first scenario is minimisation of cost of electricity (COE) and CO₂ emission rate. Objective functions of the second scenario are the same as in the first scenario while CO₂ tax is taken into account. Results show that the second scenario has 29.5% lower average optimal COE and 2.5% lower average emission rate in comparison with the first scenario. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to study the effect of fuel price and CO₂ tax variations on optimal solutions.