应用地应力模拟技术研究断块区剩余油分布

应力场数值模拟不仅能够重塑出不同阶段地应力场，而且还可以定量一半定量地预测破裂的发生、裂缝的方向和密度，进一步探讨时间和空间上油气运移的规律，为油田勘探、开发提供必要的依据。本文以大庆萨北开发区北二西断层区为研究对象，通过应力场数值模拟研究了流体运移势场与剩余油分布的关系、流体运移与构造应力的关系、裂缝形成与剩余油分布的关系，确定了剩余油分布的有利区域，为油田注采系统的设计、部署和油田开发及措施调整提供了依据。     

EFFECTS OF SUBMICROMETER PARTICULATE SILICA ADDENDA ON THE ADHESION OF MICROMETER-SIZE PARTICLES TO A POLYESTER-COMPOSITE SUBSTRATE

The force needed to detach five sets of different size particles, having number-averaged diameters between 3.6 and 8.5 µm, from a composite substrate was measured using an ultracentrifuge. In addition to size variations, the asperity concentration for each size particle was adjusted by varying the silica concentration, adjusted so that the surface area concentration at each level was kept constant for the five sizes of particles. Due to the changing silica concentration and particle size, the charge per particle also varied. It was found that the detachment force appeared to be virtually independent of charge, with any correlation actually appearing slightly negative, if anything. However, the detachment force increased monotonically with increasing particle diameter and decreased monotonically with increasing silica concentration. Moreover, upon normalizing the detachment force to the particle diameter and the silica concentration to the surface area concentration of silica, it was found that the detachment force clustered into groups in which the force needed to separate the particle from the substrate depended only on the silica concentration. These results suggest that van der Waals interaction, rather than electrostatic forces, are the dominant mechanism controlling toner adhesion in this instance.     

激光粒度分析仪测定氢氧化铝细颗粒方法的探讨

针对马尔文2000型激光粒度分析仪在氢氧化铝分析中对25μm粒径以下细颗粒的分析不太敏感，难以满足氧化铝生产分解过程对粒度控制的要求，对试验样品采用一些非常规的特殊处理方法，以提高细小颗粒在处理过样品中所占的体积百分比；研究了不同的样品处理方式对分析结果的影响。试验结果表明，只有对洗涤、过滤后的湿样进行分析，才能对分解料浆样品中的细颗粒的粒度分布进行准确地分析，得到满足试验和生产过程控制精度的结果。     

基于模型正演的叠前深度偏移

川西龙门山前缘构造非常复杂，逆掩推覆构造带构造形变强烈，构造幅度大，地层倾角陡，断块发育，波场复杂，速度横向变化大，常规叠后时间偏移处理成像效果较差。文章将地震资料模型正演技术应用到叠前深度偏移，探讨了一种有助于川西龙门山前缘逆掩推覆构造地震资料精确成像技术。先利用已有地震资料解释成果，根据地质任务建立二维地质模型，在此基础上进行射线追踪、模拟出单炮地震记录和自激自收剖面，从而对观测系统的最大炮检距、道间距等参数进行论证的一些实用方法，这些方法对地震资料采集具有很好的指导作用；然后根据这些结果，再比较准确地进行叠前深度偏移的初始速度模型建立，从而达到了复杂地表下复杂构造精确成像的目的。     

油气沉积学原理及其在勘探开发中的应用

本文以油气藏形成条件中的生、储、盖、运、圈为纲讨论了油气勘探沉积学;以油气藏开发过程中与沉积、成岩的关系讨论了油气开发沉积学。在油气勘探沉积学中重点论述了陆相沉积与储层及圈闭的关系;在油气开发沉积学中重点论述了储层研究的基础—储层的沉积属性和成岩特征。强调储层沉积、成岩研究应成为储层评价最重要的内容。     

辽河东部凹陷北部不整合类型及油气成藏规律

不整合对油气藏形成有重要作用。辽河幼陷东部凹陷北部地区不整合较发育，根据实际资料研究沙三段顶面不整合类型(削截、平行和超覆)和不整合面上下6类岩性接触关系的平面分布。不整合类型和不整合面上下岩性接触关系不同，对油气藏形成的作用不同：下泥上砂的削截和平行不整合可在不整合面之上成藏；下砂上泥的削截不整合易在不整合面之下形成不整合遮挡油气藏；地层超覆不整合可形成地层超覆油气藏；不整合面上下均为砂岩，可作为沙三段烃源岩生成油气的运移通道；不整合面上下均为泥岩，可起封堵和区域盖层的作用。根据上泥下砂的不整合面分布区有利于形成不整合遮挡油气藏的认识，预测青龙台构造高部位和茨榆坨潜山的低带是有利目标区。图5参12     

Improved accuracy and convergence of discretized population balance for aggregation: The cell average technique

A new discretization method for aggregation equations is developed. It is compared to the fixed pivot technique proposed by Kumar and Ramkrishna (1996a. On the solution of population balance equations by discretization—I. A fixed pivot technique. Chemical Engineering Science 51, 1311-1332). The numerical results for aggregation problems by discretized population balances are consistently overpredicting and diverge before the gelling point in the case of a gelling kernel. The present work establishes a new technique which assigns the particles within the cells more precisely. This is achieved by taking first the average of the newborn particles within the cell and then assigning them to the neighboring nodes such that pre-chosen properties are exactly preserved. The new technique preserves all the advantages of the conventional discretized methods and provides a significant improvement in predicting the particle size distribution (PSD). In addition, it is found that the technique is a powerful tool for the computation of gelling problems. The effectiveness of the technique is illustrated by application to several aggregation problems for suitably selected aggregation kernels including physically relevant kernels.     

基于改进PSO算法的结构损伤检测

结构的损伤检测常转化为求解约束优化问题,针对粒子群算法容易出现早熟问题,增大算法后期的粒子位置的改变量,从而增加粒子位置的差异,因而能够增强其在求解约束优化问题时抵抗局部极小的能力。两层刚架单损伤和多损伤识别的数值结果和收敛曲线表明了改进后的粒子群算法优于传统的带惯性因子的粒子群算法。三层框架结构的4种损伤工况的试验研究进一步说明了该算法应用于结构损伤检测领域的有效性。     

勘探地球物理技术最新进展——２００２年ＳＥＧ年会综述Ⅱ：解释与压力预测

根据2002年SEG年会部分论文编译而成，包括解释技术和压力预测技术。概要性地介绍了偏移成像技术；新属性技术；自动地震相分析技术；油气检测技术；储层反演技术和2种实用的压力预测技术。     

油气输导体系的类型及配置关系

将输导体系划分为储集层输导体系、断裂输导体系和不整合输导体系3大类，8种类型，指出输导体系的时空配置关系是决定油气藏的重要因素；着重阐明了输导层在空间和时间上的配置关系，认为这些配置关系是影响输导体系有效性的重要因素；提出了运移级次性的概念，讨论了划分运移级次对油气运移研究的意义，指出准噶尔盆地西北缘邻近玛湖以储集层输导体系和不整合输导体系为主．边缘地区以断层输导体系为主。浅层油气成藏期主要取决于断层的活动期。