Structural and electrical properties of lead free ceramic: Ba(La1/2Nb1/2)O3

Abstract

Abstract

Lead free perovskite Ba(La_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃ was prepared by conventional ceramic fabrication technique at 1375°C for 7?h in air atmosphere. The crystal symmetry, space group and unit cell dimensions were estimated using Rietveld analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of a single phase monoclinic structure with space group P2/m. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy studies were carried to study the quality and purity of the compound. Permittivity data showed low temperature coefficient of capacitance (T _CC = 11%) up to 100°C. The circuit model fittings were carried out using the impedance data to find the correlation between the response of real system and idealised model electrical circuit. Complex impedance analyses suggested the dielectric relaxation to be of non-Debye type. The correlated barrier hopping model was employed to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in Ba(La_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃. The AC conductivity data were used to evaluate the density of states at Fermi level, minimum hopping length and apparent activation energy.     

Decay of capacitance on ceasing formation of anodic oxide films on tantalum

The decrease with time in the capacitance of anodic oxide films on tantalum after ceasing film growth by reducing the field in the oxide was investigated. No dependence was observed of the amount and rate of change in relative dielectric permittivity on the initial current density. The kinetics of this effect are therefore different from those for the decay of the latent ionic conductivity.     

用复合谐振腔法测量介质谐振器材料的介电特性

本文根据Barlow提出的在TE(01n)模谐振腔上耦合一段截止波导构成复合腔的原理，首次在C波段对介质谐振器材料的介电性能进行了测量，并从理论上证明了该方法对相对介电系数有很高的测试灵敏度，本文给出了几种介质谐振器材料的测试结果，最后就样品厚度对测试精度的影响作了分析。     

Large permittivity,low loss and defect structure in (Nb,Zn) co-doped SnO2 ceramics studied through a combined experimental and DFT calculational method

Dielectric ceramics with high permittivity and low loss are widely used in electronic components and devices. In this study, (Nb, Zn) co-doped Nb_xZn_ySn_1-x-yO₂ with different doping levels and Nb/Zn ratios was designed to tune the defect structure toward the optimal dielectric performance. The lattice parameters firstly increased from x = y = 0.01 to 0.03 and then decreased, while the oxygen vacancy concentration decreased with doping. The co-doped sample with x = y = 0.02 exhibits stable permittivity up to 800 with an ultra-low loss tanδ ∼0.03 at 40 Hz. DFT calculation showed that the oxygen vacancy was formed with single-Zn doping and co-doping at low doping level, while the hole was generated at higher doping level. The achieved large permittivity and low loss of the sample are related to both Electron-Pinned Defect Dipoles (EPDD) and Hole-Pinned Defect Dipoles (HPDD) effects in the lattice, which was determined by the relative positions of donor and acceptor dopants.     

Enhanced magnetodielectric properties of Co2Z ferrite ceramics for ultrahigh frequency applications achieved via Cr3+ ion doping

Phase formation, microstructure, magnetic properties, and dielectric properties of Ba_1.5Sr_1.5Co₂Fe₍₂₃−_x)Cr_xO₄₁ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) ceramics, in which Fe³⁺ ions were substituted by Cr³⁺ ions, were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction results reveal that Z-type hexagonal ferrite was formed by sintering at 1250 °C, and Cr³⁺ ions successfully enter lattice without destroying crystal structure. Analysis of the microstructure reveals that Cr³⁺ ion doping has significant effect on crystal micromorphology. Samples with x = 0.4 have the most homogeneous micromorphology and the highest sintering density of 5.12 g/cm³. In addition, under the influence of external magnetic field, all samples exhibit typical soft magnetic character and hysteresis characteristics, with saturation magnetization up to 63.86 emu/g (x = 0.6). Particularly, compared with undoped sample, Cr-doped samples have outstanding magnetic–dielectric properties. Firstly, with increasing Cr³⁺ amount, real part of the permeability (μ′) reaches the maximum value of 10.70 at x = 0.4, while cutoff frequency exceeds 2 GHz, and Snoek constant reaches ∼19.50 GHz. Furthermore, due to more homogeneous microstructure, samples with x = 0.4 have low magnetic loss and can maintain high quality factor (Q) over a broad frequency range. Moreover, real part of the permittivity (ε′) reaches the maximum value of 16.90 at x = 0.6, and dielectric loss remains lower than 0.013 for frequencies below 0.7 GHz. Consequently, magnetic–dielectric materials prepared in this work are expected to have extensive application prospects for ultrahigh-frequency devices.     

Dielectric properties of concrete and their influence on radar testing

Sub-surface radar is becoming increasingly popular as an inspection method. Interpretation can be enhanced if uncertainties about the dielectric properties of the concretes under investigation are removed. The need for reliable data to identify possible variations of the dielectric properties of different concrete mixes and their condition on site has led to a systematic laboratory based experimental programme under the auspices of a major European Commission (Brite-Euram III Framework 4) funded project. Some key results from this recently completed work are presented in this paper with practical implications related to field surveys of structural concrete.     

新型高储能密度聚合物基绝缘材料

新型高储能密度聚合物基绝缘材料由于应用潜力巨大,在近些年来发展速度很快。本文简单介绍该材料的重要性,解释电介质材料的储能机理、介电常数、电位移、击穿场强与储能密度之间的关系,以及计算储能密度和充放电效率的方法,然后分别对聚合物电介质和复合电介质材料研究进展进行概述,重点讨论材料的制备策略、加工工艺、微观/宏观机理分析和性能表征,并在文章最后对高储能密度聚合物基绝缘材料进行总结和展望。     

微波遥感典型地物介电常数实地测量

在微波遥感定量化研究中,要求对遥感目标的介电特性有较准确的了解.为此采用自由空间法在野外实地测量典型目标的介电常数.给出了基本原理,定标方法及在X波段对黑土,草地,和冰所测的介电常数。分析比较了测量结果。     

衰减纽扣的研制及其电磁性能的研究

在原有工艺基础上,制备出了性能相对稳定的、能满足使用方要求的衰减纽扣.通过调整衰减相含量来调整材料的介电常数ε和介电损耗tgδ值.在此基础上,初步探索了衰减相含量与介电性能间的关系.     

A microwave method based on amplitude-only reflection measurements for permittivity determination of low-loss materials

A new method based on amplitude-only reflection measurements for complex permittivity determination of low-loss materials backed by a short-circuit termination is presented. There are two main advantages of the proposed method. First, it is insensitive to calibration plane shifts and phase uncertainties in reflection measurements of low-loss materials. Second, it does not require any additional test material with a thickness value different than that of the material under test. The disadvantage of the proposed method is that it is not convenient to apply for complex permittivity determination of dispersive low-loss materials. The method is validated by complex and amplitude-only scattering parameter measurements at X-band of a low-loss sample (polystyrene) fitted into a waveguide section. The method, as other non-resonant methods, can only provide a rough indication of the imaginary part of the permittivity for low-loss samples.