Bromate Control by Dosing Hydrogen Peroxide and Ammonia during Ozonation of the Yellow River Water

Ozonation of the downstream Yellow River water yields bromate with concentrations higher than China regulations. Bench tests demonstrated that dosing ammonia or hydrogen peroxide alone could not control the bromate concentration to below 10 μg/L. A pilot study showed that dosing hydrogen peroxide into the inherently ammonia-containing raw water at a dosage lower than 1.7 could effectively reduce the bromate concentration to below the detection limit when the ozone dosage was between 2 and 2.5 mg/L.     

Development of adsorption buffer and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit for gasoline vapor recovery

The effect of a double layered adsorber on the recovery of gasoline from gas emitted from a gasoline storage tank was investigated. The adsorber consists of two different adsorbents: silica gel and activated carbon. A pilot system consisting of an adsorptive buffer for the collection of contaminated air sporadically emitted and a PSA system was installed and operated. Gas from a gasoline tank was fed to the adsorption buffer for a period of time, and subsequently the enriched hydrocarbon stream obtained during the regeneration of the adsorptive buffer was treated by the PSA system. Regeneration of the adsorbent was done by flowing clean air under vacuum. Approximately 21–48 liters of gasoline per hour was recovered with the pilot-scale PSA unit filled with 435 kg of adsorbent in total. The gas emitted from the system contains light hydrocarbon less than 100 ppmv.     

中试人才培养研究

文章从生产实践应用的角度谈了制药中试的重要意义,我国目前制药企业中试的现状,并提出了解决方案：中试的目的、研究内容、放大方法、中试的任务.结合作者多年中试经验,从实际生产的角度展开本文详细叙述了中试人才的培养方案和中试人才需要努力工作的方向.     

Odor‐Free Lignin from Lignocellulose by Means of High Pressure Unit Operations: Process Design,Assessment and Validation

In this work a process for the production of odor‐free lignin from wheat straw using solely water, enzymes and CO₂ is described. Wheat straw pellets are pretreated by liquid hot water and enzymatic hydrolysis in a pilot plant with a capacity of 40 L, which enables the production of 3 – 4 kg of Aquasolv lignin per batch. Dried lignin samples are further treated using supercritical CO₂, resulting into extraction of a large number of odorous free fatty acids and volatile organic compounds. All process steps can be sequentially conducted in a fixed‐bed via different sustainable solvents in a throughput regime.     

Pilot synthesis and commercial application in FCC catalyst of MCM-41 zeolite

MCM-41 zeolite in the grade of 600 kg was successfully synthesized and the MCM-41 added FCC catalyst was firstly prepared. The results indicate that the pilot samples of mesoporous Al-MCM-41 bear the typically uniform mesopore structure and considerable acidity and hydrothermal stability. The MCM-41 added FCC catalyst is positively capable to crack heavy oil feedstock, in which the yields of the diesel and lighter oil increased 1.85 and 3.47%, respectively and coke yield decreased 0.29%. Commercial application in FCCU indicate that optimization of nanopores of MCM-41 added faujasite zeolite might result in an industrial process to design novel FCC catalysts.     

Development of technical catalysts

Heterogeneous catalysis is the backbone of the modern chemical industry. The successful development of technical catalysts requires a highly interdisciplinary approach and a permanent close interaction between catalyst and process development. Although many modern methods are available for the characterisation of catalytic materials, still no substitute for a pilot plant test is available. Therefore the application of representative testing conditions in the laboratory or pilot plant reactor is of crucial importance. In order to identify the relationships between the often complicated solid state synthesis process during catalyst manufacture, the structural properties of the catalyst and its performance, correlation analysis are used.     

重复压裂裂缝延伸控制技术在卫360块的先导性试验

卫360块位于东濮凹陷中央隆起带卫城构造东北部,主要含油层位沙三中、沙三下,地质储量556×10^4t,可采储量10^4×10^4t,属低渗常压油藏,自2002年投入开发以来所有储层均为压裂投产,目前地层压力系数已下降至0．8左右。老井重复压裂将成为该区块一项重要的油井增产措施。重复压裂裂缝延伸控制技术是应用化学暂堵剂暂堵老缝或已加砂缝,使裂缝延伸方位与原裂缝发生一定角度的偏转,纵向上启动新层,改善油藏产出剖面;平面上裂缝转向,沟通新的泄油区。为提高卫360块压裂增产效果,在该区块卫360-10井进行了重复压裂裂缝延伸控制技术试验,取得了较好的效果,为下步区块老井压裂增产提供了技术支持。     

43例歼(强)击机飞行员肾结石的诊治及医学鉴定

目的探讨歼（强）击机飞行员肾结石的诊断治疗及医学鉴定原则。方法回顾分析1982年-2008年43名患肾结石的歼（强）击机飞行员病史资料、诊治过程及医学鉴定结论。结果23名肾结石飞行员经治疗结石排出,4例确诊为肾钙化,均飞行合格;3人因结石长期治疗无效予以停飞,1人因其他疾病停飞;12例处于治疗、观察期,结论为飞行暂不合格。结论歼（强）击机飞行员（含飞行教员）患肾结石影响飞行安全,应在结石排出后方可恢复飞行远离集合系统的肾钙化灶可放飞,但应定期复查,掌握其变化情况。     

驾驶员模型参数对横航向PI0的影响研究

随着电传操纵系统在现代飞机上的广泛应用,其动力学特性也越来越复杂。如果驾驶员的操纵与飞机性能及其外部环境不协调,则人机闭环系统稳定性下降,严重时会出现一种非期望的,不符合驾驶员意愿的闭环耦合振荡,直接影响到飞行安全,这种现象称为驾驶员诱发振荡。针对驾驶员操纵诱发横航向振荡问题,本文建立了横航向驾驶员-控制器-飞机本体组合系统的数学模型,研究驾驶员模型中诱发横航向振荡的关键参数。以空客A300飞机横航向模型进行闭环仿真分析,给出各个参数对横航向PI0的影响特性,分析结果对工程实践具有一定的指导意义。     

Comparison of Downer and Riser Based Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process at High Severity Condition: A Pilot Plant Study

Abstract

Integration of refining and petrochemicals offers economic benefits to both the industries. Converting low value refinery products to high value petrochemicals require novel processes and extra investment. Though FCC is not a new process to the refining industry, it still has a potential for modification to enhance light olefins demanded by reformulated gasoline and the petrochemical industry. In this article a novel, High Severity FCC process based on the downer reactor is presented. Supported by the pilot plant study and comparison with riser, it is shown that the downer FCC reduces backmixing, which is the main cause of gasoline overcracking. Reduction of backmixing reduces coke and dry gas formation, resulting in increased yield of gasoline. Despite the operation at higher temperature, there is reduction in the thermal cracking. Though the light olefins yield is lower in case of downer, the total yield of useful products (gasoline + light olefins) is higher in downer as compared to the same from a riser. The increased yield of gasoline from downer can be converted to light olefins by using ZSM-5 based additives.