亚临界燃煤电厂的用能分析

燃煤发电是我国的主要电力方式,分析燃煤电厂的能量利用情况对节能减排有重要作用。本文以国际典型亚临界燃煤电厂和我国西南地区某亚临界燃煤电厂为计算实例,结合Aspen Plus软件和有效能分析法,对其整个热力过程进行系统模拟计算和能量分析,得出每个设备的有效能损失。结果表明,热力过程中有效能损失最大的部位在锅炉;锅炉中有效能损失最大的是煤的燃烧过程,其次为锅炉受热面的换热过程。通过对国内外两个电厂的比较,发现国内亚临界燃煤电厂有效能效率较国外低约6个百分点。     

沼气低温净化工艺的模拟研究

依据气液相平衡理论,运用Aspen Plus软件,选用合适的单元操作模块,采用PENG-ROB物性计算方法,通过对沼气泡点、露点图的分析选择合适的模拟条件;在Aspen Plus软件上对沼气低温净化工艺进行模拟,并根据模拟数据分析压力、温度对低温净化工艺的效果的影响。     

Simulation of DME synthesis from coal syngas by kinetics model

DME (Dimethyl Ether) has emerged as a clean alternative fuel for diesel. There are largely two methods for DME synthesis. A direct method of DME synthesis has been recently developed that has a more compact process than the indirect method. However, the direct method of DME synthesis has not yet been optimized at the face of its performance: yield and production rate of DME. In this study it is developed a simulation model through a kinetics model of the ASPEN plus simulator, performed to detect operating characteristics of DME direct synthesis. An overall DME synthesis process is referenced by experimental data of 3 ton/day (TPD) coal gasification pilot plant located at IAE in Korea. Supplying condition of DME synthesis model is equivalently set to 80 N/m³ of syngas which is derived from a coal gasification plant. In the simulation it is assumed that the overall DME synthesis process proceeds with steadystate, vapor-solid reaction with DME catalyst. The physical properties of reactants are governed by Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) EOS in this model. A reaction model of DME synthesis is considered that is applied with the LHHW (Langmuir-Hinshelwood Hougen Watson) equation as an adsorption-desorption model on the surface of the DME catalyst. After adjusting the kinetics of the DME synthesis reaction among reactants with experimental data, the kinetics of the governing reactions inner DME reactor are modified and coupled with the entire DME synthesis reaction. For validating simulation results of the DME synthesis model, the obtained simulation results are compared with experimental results: conversion ratio, DME yield and DME production rate. Then, a sensitivity analysis is performed by effects of operating variables such as pressure, temperature of the reactor, void fraction of catalyst and H₂/CO ratio of supplied syngas with modified model. According to simulation results, optimum operating conditions of DME reactor are obtained in the range of 265–275 °C and 60 kg/cm². And DME production rate has a maximum value in the range of 1–1.5 of H₂/CO ratio in the syngas composition.     

SIMULATION STUDIES OF THE REMOVAL OF WATER FROM ETHANOL BY A CATALYTIC DISTILLATION PROCESS

A new approach based on catalytic distillation (CD) technology was proposed to remove water from ethanol. Isobutylene was introduced to react with water in the CD column. The commercial software simulation tool Aspen Plus was used to investigate the effects of key design factors such as operating pressure and temperature, reactant ratios, reflux and distillate to feed ratios, number of separation and reaction stages, and feed and reaction zone location. It was found that the CD technology offers potential advantages of reduced energy consumption and reduced capital cost over traditional approaches for the removal of water from ethanol.     

气流床粉煤气化性能模拟分析

基于Aspen Plus工作平台,运用Gibbs自由能最小化原理,对气流床粉煤气化过程进行了数值模拟,并对流程算法进行了改进。研究了氧煤比、蒸气煤比、压力及粉煤粒径对气化炉出口气体组成、温度、冷煤气效率、碳转化率及有效气产率的影响。结果表明：模拟值和实验值有良好的相似性;氧煤比对气化进程的影响较蒸汽煤比及其它操作条件更为显著;并确定了模拟煤种的最佳氧煤比是0．70～0．80kg／kg,气化炉出口CO＋H2的最大干基体积分数为96．48％,冷煤气效率最高为83．56％,最大有效气产率为1．74m^3／kg;氧煤比每升高0．1kg／kg,气化炉出口温度升高约40℃,而蒸汽煤比每升高0．1kg／kg,气化炉出口温度降低约8℃。     

基于Matlab语言的液压特性曲线的绘制

Matlab语言强大的运算、仿真能力，被广泛用在液压控制系统中。利用Matlab语言可以进行液压特性曲线的绘制，液压控制系统稳定性的检测，也可以进行液压控制系统的仿真。这里以两个实例，即单、双喷嘴挡板阀压力流量特性曲线的绘制，以及液压转矩放大器系统稳定性的检测，来说明它的强大的功能。     

篮式生物反应器制备Vero细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗

目的建立篮式生物反应器制备Vero细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗的工艺。方法利用7.5L篮式生物反应器和片状载体培养Vero细胞,接种乙型脑炎病毒P3V2株毒种,根据葡萄糖的消耗量,分析细胞的生长情况及调节病毒培养时的灌流速度,每24h取样,检测病毒滴度。收获的病毒液经纯化后,制备乙脑灭活疫苗,检测各项指标。结果Vero细胞培养至96h,葡萄糖消耗量达高峰,细胞密度达峰值;接种病毒后72h,葡萄糖消耗量达高峰,灌流量为7L/d,连续收获7～9d,共可收获(40±5)L病毒液;96h病毒滴度达高峰,为10.0LgLD50/ml;制备的乙型脑炎灭活疫苗各项指标均达到《中国药典》三部(2005版)要求。结论已建立了篮式生物反应器制备Vero细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗的工艺。     

生物质两段式富氧气化-燃气轮机燃烧集成发电系统模拟研究

为实现生物质能量的高效清洁利用,本研究基于两段式富氧气化系统改进燃气品质,并将获得的洁净高热值可燃气用于燃气轮机燃烧.通过Aspen Plus模拟研究分析了氧体积分数、气化温度对气化特性、燃机运行特性的影响,研究结果证实了生物质气化燃气在燃气轮机应用的可行性,并发现氧体积分数提高对改善生物质气化燃气品质及系统发电效率具...     

聚丙烯装置建模过程分析及应用

应用Polymers Plus和Aspen Dynamics软件建立聚丙烯装置稳态及动态模型．详细介绍了建立稳态模型的主要步骤，对建模过程的难点和影响模型准确程度的因素进行了分析。指出聚丙烯装置建模过程的关键在于确定物性参数及应该包含的反应；难点在于多牌号单活性中心稳态模型的优化。     

高压水洗沼气净化吸收塔的模拟研究

运用Aspen Plus软件对沼气高压水洗净化工艺中的吸收塔进行了模拟计算。选用RadFrac单元操作模型,采用NRTL热力学性质计算方法,对吸收塔的填料高度和吸收剂用量进行了初步设计,在一定操作条件下考察了塔顶、塔底组成和塔内流量、温度及组成分布的情况、吸收过程中压强、吸收剂用量及吸收塔填料高度对净化后生物甲烷纯度的影响。模拟数据对实际应用具有指导意义。