中小型造纸厂黑液碱回收探讨

对中小型造纸厂黑液碱回收，到目前为止尚无被公众认可的成熟技术。借鉴前人的经验和教训，从另一个角度思考造纸黑液的酸析残液中碱分离技术，采用环烷酸萃取技术，能理想地将酸析残液中Na^ 与可溶性有机物进行分离，分离效率达60％以上。该法优点是操作简单，生产成本低，工艺稳定性好；缺点是调配成的萃取剂异味较重，Na^ 回收率有待进一步提高。     

Promotion of hydrogen permeation on metal-dispersed alumina membranes and its application to a membrane reactor for methane steam reforming

A mesoporous membrane for selective separation of hydrogen was prepared usingthe sol-gel method. Some metal salts such as RuCl₃, Pd(NH₃)₄Cl₂, RhCl₃,, and H ₂PtCl₆, were added to the boehmite sol and coated on a porous alumina substrate before firing at 500°C. It was foundthat the permeability of hydrogen and the separation factor for a hydrogen-nitrogen gaseous mixture of these metaldispersed membranes exceeded the limitations of the Knudsen diffusion mechanism. Although the gas permeation through a neat alumina membrane is governed by the Knudsen diffusion, the metals dispersed in alumina membranes were effective in promoting hydrogen permeation. These metaldispersed alumina membranes were also used in a membrane reactor for methane steam reforming at low temperature. In the temperature range of 300 to 500°C, the membrane reactor attained a methane conversion twice as high as the equilibrium value of the packed bed catalytic reactor system as a result of the selective removal of hydrogen from the reaction system.     

煤的物理性质与电力生产

主要介绍煤的一些物理性质在其燃烧时产生的影响,以便更好地了解煤质对电力生产的影响。     

基于Jini的供应链合作伙伴关系管理的研究与探索

市场逐步全球化,这使得企业之间需要通过合作才能共同增强竞争实力,供应链合作伙伴关系由此应运而生。Jini技术作为一种新的分布计算框架,它的简便灵活的分布式计算和强大的网络服务能够很好地解决企业之间数据的分布性、平台的异构性等问题,所以在供应链管理中具有非常广阔的应用前景。     

An analytical model for freeboard and in-bed limestone sulfation in fluidized-bed coal combustors

A new model, which combines in-bed and freeboard sulfation, significantly improves the ability to predict sulfur capture by limestone sorbents in fluidized-bed coal combustors. In this model, the in-bed hydrodynamics are described in terms of a bubble phase and an emulsion phase while the freeboard region has only a diluted emulsion phase. The solids, which are in the emulsion phases, are considered to be completely back-mixed; the gaseous bubble phase travels in plug-flow but exchanges with the emulsion phase. The sulfation reaction occurs principally in the emulsion phase and the reaction rate is a direct function of the sulfur dioxide concentration, the extent of the calcium oxide conversion (as measured by a thermogravimetric analyzer), and the amount of limestone present in the bed and in the freeboard. The amount present, or holdup, in the free-board is calculated from empirical correlations for elutriation and from particle-time trajectories as predicted from equations of motion.The model indicates that a significant amount of sulfur capture can occur in the freeboard region, especially with high superficial gas velocities and small particle sizes, both of which lead to increased freeboard holdup. For an overall sulfur retention of 90%, approximately 9% of the sulfur is predicted to be captured within the freeboard above a combustor bed 1.8 m by 1.8 m by 1.2 m high of 1200 μm diameter limestone particles that are fluidized at 2.4 m/s. The model also predicts that the sulfur captured by the entrained particles is negligible. These predictions compare favorably with the actual sulfur retentions experienced in similar sized pilot-scale combustors.     

动态环境中多帧点云融合算法及三维目标检测算法研究

低线束激光雷达扫描的点云数据较为稀疏,导致无人驾驶环境感知系统中三维目标检测效果欠佳,通过多帧点云配准可实现稀疏点云稠密化,但动态环境中的行人与移动车辆会降低激光雷达的定位精度,也会造成融合帧中运动目标上的点云偏移较大。针对上述问题,提出了一种动态环境中多帧点云融合算法,利用该算法在园区道路实况下进行三维目标检测,提高了低线束激光雷达的三维目标检测精度。利用16线和40线激光雷达采集的行驶路况数据进行实验,结果表明该算法能够增强稀疏点云密度,改善低成本激光雷达的环境感知能力。     

面向部件分割的PointNet注意力加权特征聚合网络

为解决PointNet最大池化损失次要特征导致部件分割精度降低的问题,提出一种面向部件分割的PointNet注意力加权特征聚合网络,能够充分利用点云的不同特征进行部件分割。首先利用多层感知机提取点云的空间几何特征,将特征乘以共享权重矩阵,以获取每个点的每一个特征的注意力分数;接着把归一化的分数作为权重乘以对应的全局特征并求和,得到聚合的全局特征;最后使用多层感知机将聚合的特征映射到部件分割结果。实验结果表明,相比于传统PointNet方法,该方法提升了部件分割的总平均交并比,同时在网络鲁棒性和计算复杂度方面具有显著优势。该方法有效优化了PointNet。     

基于双策略协同进化的QPSO算法及其应用

为更好地提升量子粒子群优化算法（QPSO）的局部挖掘和全局搜索能力,提出了一种改进的QPSO算法（DSQPSO）。在改进算法中引入了双策略协同进化的思路调整粒子的位置更新公式。为充分体现个体粒子挖掘的优势和群体共同引导的特点,提出了两种吸引点构造的思路,做到个体和种群更好地融合以及信息的互通;分别考虑了最优平均位置与全局最优和粒子的历史最优之间的联系,对粒子搜索范围作出了重新定义;此外,在迭代过程中,借助随机扰动机制对全局最优位置进行调整,以保持种群的多样性。通过18个测试函数将DSQPSO算法与PSO、QPSO、RQPSO和LQPSO四种算法在收敛精度和鲁棒性方面进行对比;进而在两个具体的工程优化问题上,应用改进算法与八个智能算法进行了寻优结果比较。实验表明DSQPSO算法无论在基准测试中还是在工程应用上,其计算精度和收敛效果均有明显优势。     

Chemical dynamics at surfaces

The current status of molecular dynamics simulations of chemical processes at surfaces is assessed. Limitations of the method are discussed, and recent progress towards overcoming the limitations is described. The reliability and depth of understanding achievable through interplay between simulation and experiment is illustrated by a simple example, the trapping of Ar on a Pt(111) crystal surface. The prognosis for extending these techniques to chemically reacting systems in real environments is addressed.     

Absolute measurement of the thermal conductivity of propylene carbonate by the AC transient hot-wire technique

The paper describes a new apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivity of liquids based on a transient hot-wire method. The apparatus has been used to measure the thermal conductivity of propylene carbonate (C₄H₆O₃). The measurements have been carried out in the temperature range 284–313 K and at saturation pressure. The accuracy of the data is within ±1.5%.