Influence of soil moisture on the results of surface geochemical survey applied to petroleum exploration

The quality of results obtained from surface geochemical exploration depends not only on the character of deep petroleum accumulations but also on the influence of many sub-surface factors. One of important factors is the presence of soil moisture in the sampling interval. This research presents the influence of soil moisture on concentrations of gaseous hydrocarbons in sampled soil gases. The comparative analysis was made on for two populations of gaseous hydrocarbon (methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane, propylene, 1-butene) concentrations measured in soil gas samples collected from the water-saturated (“wet” sampling interval) and water-free (“dry” sampling interval) environments. The comparison was based upon chromatographic analyses of 2974 samples of soil gas, in which 684 samples originated from “wet” sampling intervals and 2290 samples were taken from “dry” interval. Samples were collected in the areas of known gas deposits located in the Fore-sudetic Monocline (SW Poland). Samples collected from the “wet” intervals reveal higher concentrations of almost all analyzed hydrocarbons in comparison with samples from “dry” intervals. Highest differences were observed for methane concentrations and lowest — for total alkanes C₂–C₄. The increase of concentrations in “wet” sampling intervals can be explained by sub-surface accumulation of hydrocarbons caused by decreasing permeability of water-saturated soils, by the different solubilities of alkanes and alkenes in water as well as by recent generation of methane and alkenes. Considering the results obtained from the area of the Tarchaly gas deposit, it was found that surface pattern of methane anomalies does not reflect the presence of deep gas accumulations, as well as the total alkanes C₂–C₄ distribution. Hence, the procedure was proposed of elimination of soil moisture influence on the pattern of surface methane anomalies. The procedure includes normalization of measured methane concentrations to the reference levels of geochemical background, which characterize “wet” and “dry” sampling intervals. As a result, the distribution of anomalous methane concentrations was obtained, which, along with the distribution of total alkanes C₂–C₄, confirms the presence of assessed accumulation of gaseous hydrocarbons. Therefore, the proposed method is correct and supports the application of methane indicator as a petroleum exploration tool.     

"Clinical psychology in other lands": Correction and Thanks.

Reports two inaccuracies in the paper by Henry P. David, Clinical psychology in other lands. In D. Brower & L. E. Abt (Eds.), Progress in clinical psychology. Vol. III. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1958; (see record 1959-08255-000), which mentions the article by R. Zajonc (see record 1959-02442-001) concerning psychology in Poland. In this correction, Choynowski affirms that he is head, not of the Psychology Section of the Polish Academy of Sciences (which does not exist), but of the Psychometrical Laboratory of this academy to which belong many research institutes. Secondly, he states that the academy also does not envisage a subsection on clinical psychology. He notes that he is afraid that David got these facts from him, but then it is another example of unfortunate semantical misunderstanding in international communication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anthropogenic impacts in North Poland over the last 1300 years — A record of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and S in an ombrotrophic peat bog

Lead pollution history over Northern Poland was reconstructed for the last ca. 1300 years using the elemental and Pb isotope geochemistry of a dated Polish peat bog. The data show that Polish Pb-Zn ores and coal were the main sources of Pb, other heavy metals and S over Northern Poland up until the industrial revolution. After review of the potential mobility of each element, most of the historical interpretation was based on Pb and Pb isotopes, the other chemical elements (Zn, Cu, Ni, S) being considered secondary indicators of pollution. During the last century, leaded gasoline also contributed to anthropogenic Pb pollution over Poland. Coal and Pb-Zn ores, however, remained important sources of pollution in Eastern European countries during the last 50 years, as demonstrated by a high ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratio (1.153) relative to that of Western Europe (ca. 1.10). The Pb data for the last century were also in good agreement with modelled Pb inventories over Poland and the Baltic region.     

A survey on the incidence of Prototheca mastitis in dairy herds in Lublin province,Poland

Prototheca mastitis has recently become an emerging disease; although its incidence is increasing steadily, its epidemiology remains largely understudied. The aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of Prototheca spp. in dairy cows and their environment in Lublin province, covering most of southeastern Poland. Between December 2015 and July 2016, a total of 172 milking cows from 10 dairy farms were inspected for mastitis using clinical examination and the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Quarter milk samples (QMS, n = 179) and body site swabs (n = 151) from CMT-positive cows were collected for microbiological culture. In addition, we evaluated QMS and body site swabs from 23 healthy cows, along with 91 environmental samples. Of 100 CMT-positive cows, 71 had at least one QMS positive for microbial growth. In 8 (11.3%) of these cows, originating from 7 dairy farms, Prototheca spp. were cultured. The average somatic cell count of the Prototheca-containing milk was 4.02 × 10⁶ cells/mL compared with 0.13 × 10⁶ cells/mL of the Prototheca-free milk (collected from control animals). No significant differences were observed between mastitis and control cows with respect to counts of total white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Half of the cows with Prototheca spp. in their milk did not yield the algae from other anatomical sites. Eight cows were negative for the presence of Prototheca spp. in their milk but positive for the algae in swabs from anatomical sites. Among the environmental sources that were positive for Prototheca growth were watering troughs, manure, feed, and mud. All (45) Prototheca isolates recovered in this study were subjected to species- and genotype-level molecular identification. All QMS and most of the animal swabs (90%) yielded Prototheca zopfii genotype (gen.) 2. Of the animal samples, P. zopfii gen. 1 and Prototheca blaschkeae were isolated only from feces and rectum. Environmental samples grew either P. zopfii gen. 2 (67%) or P. zopfii gen. 1 (33%). This study demonstrates that P. zopfii gen. 2 is the third most common pathogen of mastitis in cattle in southeast Poland, with an overall incidence of 4.6%. Finding Prototheca spp., including P. zopfii gen. 1 and 2 and P. blaschkeae, in stool and rectal swabs from healthy animals may suggest their role as nonpathogenic microflora of bovine gut.     

Human‐influenced streamflow during extreme drought: identifying driving forces,modifiers, and impacts in an urbanized catchment in central Poland

This study investigates the response of the streamflow to an extremely hot and dry summer 2015 in the urbanized catchment of the Utrata River in central Poland. The objectives were to: reveal changes in the flow regime, assess anomalies in summer river flows, estimate the natural and wastewater effluent contribution and provide an ecological context for the in‐stream conditions. The mean annual flow rate in the period 1996–2015 increased by 0.61 m³/s as compared to 1951–1970. The mean annual wastewater inflow rate to the river in 2015 was approximately 0.770 m³/s, constituting 39% of the observed flow. Almost the entire period of August this contribution approached 100%. The optimum river water temperature threshold for warm‐water fish species was exceeded. Streamflow modifications are attributed to an increase of wastewater discharge, urban impact through an increase in imperviousness, and the variability of climatic driving forces.     

波兰矿产资源及相关产业投资前景分析

波兰是中东欧经济和矿产资源第一大国,且地缘优势突出,是欧洲市场的重要窗口国家。本文通过对波兰的政治、经济、资源禀赋、市场需求、政策法规、企业需求等综合分析,全面评价了波兰矿产资源及与其相关的基础设施等领域的投资潜力,波兰铜矿、煤炭开发投资合作前景良好,另外,中国企业在风能、太阳能等清洁能源设施建设、煤制气技术以及交通基础设施建设方面前存在明显优势。文章最后提出中国与波兰矿业及相关产业合作构想,为中国企业"走出去"提供参考。     

Hydromorphological consequences of regulating the lower vistula,Poland

Quantitative and qualitative data on channel changes along the lower Vistula arising from regulation works carried out in the 19th and 20th centuries are presented. Channel width was reduced by 50% and the bed lowered by 1.3 m. Changes of the river's hydrodynamic conditions in the segment from Wloclawek to Swiecie during the last 140 years are discussed. Changes of the bed load balance are characterized.     

波兰石化吸引外国投资的近况

回顾了近年来波兰的石化资源和工业发展状况,介绍了波兰利用地理优势,大力吸引外资发展本国石化工业的情况。     

Agile Enterprise: A Human Factors Perspective

The results of the case study showed that the organizational identity includes the attributes that affect the organization's ability to be agile. Comparison of 2 companies, one of which has the characteristics of an agile organization and the other that operates in the traditional manner, showed that the evaluation of these attributes is some kind of a prerequisite for assessing the agility of the organization. This issue may become the next research problem. The article also presents the results of a study concerning the values important for Wielkopolska residents. Analysis of the results shows that Wielkopolska residents have the potential to take agile action and develop agile organizations. The role of managing staff in this organizations is to make the proper use of available social capital and to develop entrepreneurial and pro‐innovative attitudes among their subordinates.